问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的散文,完成下列各题 (19分)         

喀纳斯的冬天

①坐在禾木河边的一块岩石上,我把帽檐上一层冻结的白霜抖掉。这时候我听见寂静的秋天在说话。

②均匀的蓝色布满天空。南边山际有几朵云。看不出是漂游呢,还是在消散。没有风,没有夏日的林鸟齐鸣,空气清新得像图瓦女人挤下的牛奶。

③和几片云一起点缀了天空的还有黑八哥,它们是村庄四季的守望者。在这白光泛滥的时节,多亏这些成群起落的黑精灵,向我指点了村庄的深度。偶尔也会有一只鹰从村庄上空掠过,它们似乎永远散漫,不关心大地,也不关心天空上的事情。然而这个村子每天要发生的事情,鹰再熟悉不过了。几匹马儿在路旁木桩的边上嚼着干草,睫毛上是厚厚的白霜,眼睛明亮温顺。另一些拉着雪爬犁穿过村子的马儿,在雪地上踩出这个村子里最响的声音,但很快就沉落到村庄的另一边去了。

④禾木河的水还在流淌,在浅滩或陡急处,水流冲破冰层,把一派生蓝翻卷出来,也把大地下面的温暖热腾腾地传向寒意料峭的村庄,顺带着也让河两岸光杆的禾木、灌木披霜挂白。

⑤山川没有语言和文字,可是它们创造了无数的表达。

⑥当我们人类的所有艺术还仅停留在平面上的时候,冬天正在这里铺陈它的万里画轴。冬所孕育的杰作也绝不仅仅是一面雪纸:春将在其上描绘色彩,夏将在其上大摆盛宴,而秋将在其上宣讲万物更始的意义。

⑦山外的人们想象喀纳斯会有七八个月毫无生机,可是我看见冰雪下面的草根从秋天就准备好了发芽,山杨枝条上不易察觉的芽苞也是秋天备好的。尽管山林在积雪下面发出隐秘模糊的鼾声,但留在林间的鸟儿们歌唱不休的生活依然如故。

⑧还有阳光,不会有别处的阳光比喀纳斯更灿烂和辉煌了。当它突然拨开云雾出现在天空,你无法注视天空,也无法注视雪野,那种炫目的光芒令人屏息。这时候,高处树木的影子印在雪地上,恰如浓浓的水墨画,看得人着迷。由于山势的起伏,由于峭壁、松林的颜色变幻,由于一些不知什么大型动物的足迹赫然割开了平静的雪野,这一张冬日的图景,我无法描述了。

⑨正是这冬日之盛为我们年年如期还回来一个完美如新的喀纳斯。

⑩进入这冰天雪地里,我们人类也许会感觉寒冷,而对大自然,这覆盖了世界的冰雪是多么温暖地拥围了它的睡眠,温润了它的春梦。

⑪或许说冬天正是自然的母亲,它在那里孕育其他的季节呢。

⑫在我自然的眼光看来,喀纳斯的时令之中,其实只有三个季节。冬天并不可以当做一个季节,冬天就是年。冬天是季节的母亲,春是它的媚子,夏是它的娇子,秋是它的赤子。这个孩子经历一个天年归于大地,归于冬的心中再一次孕育,来年一个新的生命,一个新的孩子,一张新的面孔。

⑬因而我说,那些花,那些叶子,那些溪水,都不是重复的,它们跟随了季节的生命而获得永恒的成长。

⑭当然,那些森林、山峦、大湖,它们跨越了季节,并以季节来丈量它们的生辰,由季节来灌注它们生命的能量,由季节重新将它们一年的容貌打扮一新。

⑮每一季节都是美的。四季之美正是永恒之美,它会如期到来,此即永恒;时令周而复始,此即永恒。

⑯我离开时,喀纳斯的深雪仍然酣然沉睡。没有什么可以惊扰一种造化的梦想。我知道,当新的一年在这天降之襁褓中孕育成熟,生命之流将奔涌而出,畅通无阻。

小题1:本文主要写的是喀纳斯的冬天,可为什么要从秋天写起?(4分)

小题2:请理解文中划线句子的含义。(4分)

① 在这白光泛滥的时节,多亏这些成群起落的黑精灵,向我指点了村庄的深度。

② 冬天正在这里铺陈它的万里画轴。

小题3:在作者眼里,喀纳斯冬天有何特点?抒发了怎样的思想感情。(5分)

小题4:作者认为“喀纳斯的时令之中,其实只有三个季节”,请结合全文,分析作者这样说的缘由。(6分)

答案

小题1:写喀纳斯秋天的天空、村庄和河流的情景是为下文冬天的出现做铺垫,以秋天的寂静反衬冬天的活跃。

小题2:

①在银装素裹的世界里,天地间只有白色,到处的白光,黑色的乌鸦使人有了空间感。

②冬天的喀纳斯,到处都是雪,仿佛一卷万里长的画轴,这卷画轴里有着无数的表达。

小题3:雪深且广,如一卷画轴,又如“天降之襁褓”,阳光尤其灿烂辉煌,阳光下的自然景物绚丽多彩,冬天是“季节之母”,孕育了其他三个季节和天地间的万物。作者对喀纳斯冬天的抒写,抒发了对孕育万物的喀纳斯冬天的赞美和喜爱之情。

小题4:这是跟其他地方比较而言的,山外的人们想象喀纳斯会有七八个月毫无生机,但“我”看见冰雪下面的草根从秋天就准备好了发芽,山杨枝条上不易察觉的芽苞也是秋天备好的。不会有别处的阳光比喀纳斯更灿烂和辉煌了,正是这冬日之盛为我们年年如期还回来一个完美如新的喀纳斯,所以作者认为覆盖了世界的冰雪温暖地拥围了自然地睡眠,冬天在冰雪中孕育着其他三个季节,没有冬天,就没有其他三个季节,冬天是其他三个季节的母亲,从侧面凸显了冬天的伟大,表达了作者的赞美之情。

小题1:4分

小题2:每小点2分,共4分。

小题3:5分

小题4:6分

阅读理解

Living and dealing with kids can be a tough job these days, but living and dealing with parents can be even tougher.

  If I have learned anything in my 16 years, it is that communication is very important, both when you disagree and when you get along. With any relationship, you need to let other person know how you are feeling. If you are not able to communicate, you drift apart.When you are mad at your parents, or anyone else, not talking to them doesn’t solve anything.

  Communication begins with the concerns (关心) of another. It means that you can’t just come home from school, go up to your room and take no notice to anyone. Even if you just say “Hi”, and see how their day was for five minutes, it is better than nothing.

  If you looked up the word “communication” in a dictionary, it would say “the exchange of ideas, the conveyance (表达)of information, correspondence (通信), means of communication: a letter or a message”. To keep a good relationship, you must keep communication strong. Let people know how you feel, even if it’s just by writing a note.

  When dealing with parents, you always have to make them feel good about how they are doing as a parent. If you are trying to make them see something as you see it, tell them that you’ll listen to what they have to say, and ask them politely to listen to you. Shouting or walking away only makes the situation worse.

  Here is an example: one night, Sophie went to a street party with her friends. She knew she had to be home by midnight after the fireworks, but she didn’t feel she could just ask to go home. That would be rude. After all, they had been nice enough to take her along with them. Needless to say, she was late getting home. Her parents were mad at first, but when Sophie explained why she was late, they weren’t as mad and let it go. Communication is the key here. If Sophie’s parents had not been willing to listen, Sophie would have been in a lot of trouble.

  Communication isn’t a one-way matter: it goes both ways. Just remember: if you get into a situation like Sophie’s, telling the other person how you feel-------listening is the key to communication.

小题1:In the writer’s view, dealing with parents is __________ than with children.

A.more difficult

B.much easier

C.less interesting

D.more interesting小题2:The underlined phrase “ drift apart” in Paragraph 2 means __________.

A.keep up with others

B.move along smoothly

C.distance yourself form others

D.come closer to each other小题3:The example in Paragraph 6 shows that ___________.

A.Sophie is very polite to her parents  

B.Sophie’s parents are willing to listen to her

C.Sophie did well in explaining her being late

D.communication is the solutionto misunderstanding小题4:All the following statements are correct except “_______”.

A.Communication is a two-way matter  

B.It is better to say “Hi” to others than say nothing

C.If you don’t agree with others, you’d better let them know

D.When dealing with parents, you only need to listen to them

选择题