问题 问答题 简答题

简述传统和现代人力资本理论。

答案

参考答案:

现代人力资本理论认为,在人的素质中,除了传统人力资本理论所包括的个人的知识、技能和体力对财富起增值作用外,个人的道德素质、信誉和社会关系也起着同样的作用,也属于人力资本的内容。这是因为:个人道德素质(组织道德和社会道德)、信誉(有形信誉与无形信誉)和社会关系(正当社会关系和不正当社会关系)都是依附于某个人身上、投入一定的费用可以获得、并实现价值增殖的人的某方面的内在素质,它们符合人力资本的三个判别标准,都应归入人力资本的范畴。其中,国民的知识、技能和体力是社会和个人创造物质财富的基础,称之为基础性人力资本;国民的道德素质、信誉和社会关系可以节约社会和个人

的交易费用,称之为交易性人力资本。

单项选择题
填空题

A good translator is by definition bilingual. The opposite is not ______(1) true, however. A born and bred bilingual will still need two__________(2) to become a translator: first, the skills and experience necessary for__________(3); second, knowledge of the field in which he or she will__________(4). The skills and experience for translation include the ability to write ______(5) in the target language, the ability to read and understand the_________(6) language material thoroughly, and the ability to work with the latest__________(7) and communication hardware and software.Does a born and bred bilingual__________(8) a better translator than someone who learned language B later in__________(9) There is no definite answer, but the following issues are important.__________(10), a born and bred bilingual often suffers from not truly knowing __________(11) language well enough to translate, with some even suffering from what __________(12) known as a lingualism, a state in which a person lacks_________(13) full, fluent command of any language. Second, born and bred bilinguals__________(14) don’’t know the culture of the target language well enough to_________(15) top-quality translations, or cannot recognize what aspects of the source language__________(16) its culture need to be treated with particular care, as they_________(17) in a sense too close to the language. And last, they often_________(18) the analytical linguistic skills to work through a sticky text.On_________(19) other hand, the acquired bilingual may not have the same in-depth _________(20) of colloquialisms, slang, and dialect that the born bilingual has. Also, the acquired bilingual will not be able to translate as readily in both directions (from B to language A and A to language B). Finally, born bilinguals often have a greater appreciation of the subtleties and nuances of both their languages than someone who learns their B language later in life can ever hope to have.