问题 不定项选择

根据以下材料,回答70-85题

一般资料:求助者,女性,36岁,部门经理。

案例介绍:求助者5岁时父母离异,她和母亲一起生活,母亲没有再婚。求助者与丈夫在同一单位工作,十年前结婚,女儿7岁。一个多月前,丈夫升职,即将被派往外地任分公司总经理,得知此消息后,求助者紧张、烦躁,忧心忡忡,开始挑剔丈夫的言行,频繁与丈夫争吵。上班时能够勉强控制情绪,但经常出现胸闷、心慌、气短等症状。到医院检查未发现有明显器质性疾病。主动前来寻求心理帮助。

下面是心理咨询师与该求助者的一段咨询对话。

心理咨询师:按常理说,丈夫的事业蒸蒸日上,您应该感到高兴才对。

求助者:他升职我高兴,但去外地任职我接受不了。

心理咨询师:现在交通便利,他去的城市飞机、高铁3个小时就能到达,你们两人的收入都不低,经常团聚不是问题。

求助者:您没有我这样的经历,当然不能理解我心情。

心理咨询师:抱歉!我有些想当然了,没有从您的角度考虑。您和我详细说说您的情况吧!

求助者:我5岁前和父母一起生活,他们俩人婚前、婚后的感情一直都很好,直到父亲被派去外地常驻。原本母亲不同意父亲去外地,但父亲说难得在事业上有发展的机会,能够多挣点钱让我们母女过得更好。但谁知道没过半年,他就在当地和另一个女人好上了。我母亲再三恳求,并且表示愿意带着我去和他一起生活,但他最终还是和母亲离了婚。近十年的感情竟然抵不过半年的相处,您说男人是不是没有一个好东西!

心理咨询师:我理解您的心情,那您感觉您的丈夫也不是个好东西?

求助者:到目前为止还不算,但说不定过几个月就是了。我当初就是他的下属,因为肯为他卖力工作,他的业绩上升很快,他欣赏我,于是我们就走到一起了。如果他今后在外地工作也遇到一个能干的女下属,说不定也会爱上她;即便不是因为工作,我丈夫高大英俊、又比较有钱,难免会有异性主动追求他。到那时我一定会落得和我母亲一样的下场,女儿也会像我一样没有父亲疼爱。

心理咨询师:除了您刚才所说的恋爱经历,您还有其它证据能证明您的丈夫是一个见异思迁或是喜欢沾花惹草的人吗?

求助者:那倒没有。但是现在他对我的态度和以前完全不一样了:过去他对我百般呵护,不让我受一点委屈;现在只要我一跟他埋怨,他就躲开我,甚至还指责我无事生非,说我对他态度不好……都怨领导要派他出去!

心理咨询师:您认为您和丈夫之间的矛盾是领导要派他外出这件事造成的?

求助者:难道不是吗?如果没有这件事,我们之间也不会闹矛盾,我也不会有那么多的担心,我们可以像过去一样平平静静地生活一辈子。

心理咨询师:从你们恋爱开始到现在,你们俩人从没发生过矛盾吗?您从来没担心过他会喜欢别的女人吗?

求助者:(沉默)……好像也不是,我们以前也有过争吵,他和其他女性关系稍微近一点,我都会莫名其妙地担心。但这次和以往的情况不一样啊!

心理咨询师:其实您和丈夫吵不吵架、对他担不担心与这次的事件没有关系。合理情绪疗法认为,引起人们情绪困扰的并不是外界发生的事情,而是人们对事件的态度、看法、评价等认知内容,因此要改变情绪困扰不是致力于改变外界事件,而是应该改变认知,通过改变认知,进而改变情绪。比如说,您认为其他女性与您丈夫接触的目的是为了谈工作而不是为了勾引他,那么你的感受会完全不同。

求助者:您说的好像有道理,您让我再想想……

埃利斯等人认为合理情绪疗法可以帮助人实现的目标包括()。

A.自我开放

B.自我接受

C.自我关怀

D.敢于尝试

答案

参考答案:B, C, D

解析:合理情绪疗法的主要目标就是减低求助者各种不良的情绪体验,使他们在治疗结束后能带着最少的焦虑、抑郁和敌意去生活,进而帮助他拥有一个较现实、较理性、较宽容的人生哲学。艾利斯等人认为合理情绪疗法可以帮助个体达到的目标包括:①自我关怀;②自我指导;③宽容;④接受不确定性;⑤变通性;⑥参与;⑦敢于尝试;⑧自我接受。

阅读理解
阅读理解.
     Many animal lovers would like to do more to help animals, but aren't sure where to start
or feel like they just don't have the time. The good news is that there are many simple things
you can do to help protect animals.
     Think twice before you decide
     The decisions you make when it comes to eating meat or other animal products can go
a long way toward stopping the killing of animals. Consider eating a vegetarian(素食的)
diet. If you aren't ready to make this change, there are still things you can do. Do not buy
animal products from companies known to use practices that go against the law such as
using drugs to increase milk production in cows.
     Help get the word out
     Getting the word out about the problems faced by animals can be as easy as putting up
a notice on your car. Also, talk to your friends and family members about important issues
that are related to animals. Give some simple advice to a friend with a new pet about the
serious pet over-population problem we're facing. Turn to some books on the subject if
you are not so clear about the advice you give your friend.
     Write a letter
     We've all heard the saying, " The pen is more powerful than the sword". Put this idea
to the protection of animals. If a company has practices or rules that are harmful to animals,
write them a letter to let them know you are angry about them, and that you won't buy their
products until they make some changes. Write letters to state and local legislators(立法者)
to let them know how important it is that they support legislation that protects animals. Make
them know that their actions will have a great effect on your vote.
     Be more loving
     If you're considering adding a dog or a cat to your family, think about getting one from a
homeless-animal house rather than buying a pet. There are many wonderful animals just
waiting for a home. By taking back an animal from there, you will be helping in the fight
against pet over-population, as well as giving your money to those who are responsible for
taking care of pitiful animals.
     Let your actions be an example to others
     It may sound simple, but one of the best ways to help animals is to let your actions speak
to the world. You should do the following things first by yourself: Treat all living creatures
with respect. Care about your pets and look after them well. Avoid (避免)entertainment
places that use animals to perform. Support legislation (立法)that protects animals. All of
these things set an example for others to follow.
                           Title: Ways of__1__animals

Think about your__2__carefully

●Don'teatmeatoranimalproducts.
●__3__tobuyanimalproductsfromcompanies thathaveillegalpractices
Get the word out

●Put up an animal-protection__4__on the car
●Talk to your friends and family members about
important animal issues
●Give your friends some simple__5__on the pet
over-population proble
●Get help from books if necessary

Write letters

●Let those companies that are doing harm to animals
know about your__6__
●Let legislators know the__7__of their support for
legislation that protects animals

Be more loving

●Get a pet from a homeless-animal house

Act as an example to others

●Treat all living creatures with respect.
●Take good__8__of your pets
●Do not go to places where animals__9__
●Support legislation which is__10__for animals.


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