问题 探究题

小D同学用如下图装置探究“光对鼠妇生活的影响”。

(1)他在铁盘里铺上湿土,以中线为界,营造成出 明暗两种环境。将20只鼠妇分成两组,分别同时放人铁盘两侧的中央,静置两分钟后,进行统计。

(2)他统计得出的结果是:明亮一侧有10只,黑暗一侧有10只。据此,他得出的结论是:光不会影响鼠妇的生活。

李阳认为小D的这个结论不科学,建议他作如下改进:

两组鼠妇个体大小尽量接近;每小组只用一只鼠妇做实验;将实验重复多次。

该同学应该采纳的建议是: _______________________________________

(3)小D采纳了李阳的合理建议,改进了实验方案后,得出的实验结果是:明亮一侧4.8只,黑暗一侧15.2只,根据这个结果,你得出的结论是_____________。

(4)可能影响鼠妇生活的非生物因素除了光,还有_____________。

(5)试验做完后,应将鼠妇__________________________。

答案

(2)两组鼠妇个体大小尽量接近;将实验重复多次。

(3) 光会影响鼠妇的生活,鼠妇适应生活在黑暗的环境中

(4) 水分

(5) 放回到自然环境中去

题目分析:(2)对照实验指在研究一种条件对研究对象的影响时,所进行的除了这种条件不同之外,其他条件都相同的实验,其中这一种不同的条件就是单一实验变量,因此,两个实验中,如果只有一个因素不同,则这两个实验就成为对照实验,因此要探究“光对鼠妇生活的影响”,实验变量是光,其余条件都要相同,所以两组鼠妇个体大小尽量接近,不能只用一只鼠妇做实验,否则结果存在很大的偶然性,误差比较大,实验重复多次可减小误差。

(3)根据实验结果,可以得出结论:光对鼠妇有影响。

(4)鼠妇喜欢生活在阴暗潮湿的环境中,所以说影响鼠妇生活的非生物因素除了光,还有水分等因素。

(5)要养成关爱动物的好习惯,保护动物从我做起,从现在做起,这样对于保护我们生存的环境非常有利,所以要把鼠妇放回到适宜它生长的自然环境中。

点评:此题考查的是探究光对鼠妇生活的影响的实验,并通过解答此题体会科学探究的方法步骤,解此题的关键是确定、控制变量,设置对照实验。

完形填空

阅读下面短文,按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求,在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。

It was a dreadfully cold and cloudy afternoon. I was on the bus with my children, aged four and two, heading home when it started to rain. I realized this would mean a wet walk home  小题1:               the bus stop.

小题2: my house was merely two blocks away, it was not a pleasant walk with one small boy asleep in the pram (手推婴儿车), the other one in a raincoat and no umbrella for myself. A pick-up truck passed us on the road. I tried to thumb a ride but failed. My little boy woke up with a start and began to cry. I小题3:   (convince) that things might become worse and nobody would bother to help on such a terrible day.

A few minutes later,   小题4: truck drove by, but to my surprise, I saw it  小题5: (pull) back and the driver looking directly at us.

A young man put the window down. “Hey, here’s an umbrella for you, please take   小题6: .” He called out.

I stood there   小题7: (astonish), barely believing that the man   小题8:  existence was unknown to me only moments ago, could be so  小题9:  (consider). “Come on, give this to your mummy,” he said to my older son. I accepted the offer and expressed my gratitude to him.

This man might have needed the umbrella for himself later during the day but preferred to give it to me. It was a lesson to me   小题10: it’s possible to give without expecting anything in return.

阅读理解

C

You can love them or hate them, but no matter which tourist destination you visit, chances are you’ll see someone with their head buried in a Lonely Planet guidebook.

Lonely Planet is one of the world’s largest travel guide brands, publishing more than 500 different guides in eight languages. The popular brand also produces television shows, websites and podcasts(播客)all devoted to travel.

Some people praise Lonely Planet books because they make traveling easy and affordable. They also save time and make sure you don’t miss the best things.

They also provide the reviews of hostels(旅店), hotels, restaurants and ticket information about your destination.

This can be great if you’re a nervous traveler, or if you haven’t traveled by yourself before. If you’re in a country where you don’t speak the language, sometimes there’s nothing better than getting into a taxi and opening up a guidebook. You simply point to a map that directs the taxi driver to a hostel that’s cheap and clean, with friendly staff and cold beer.

But others criticize Lonely Planet and other travel guide publishers like them. They say guidebooks take the fun and spontaneity(自发性)out of traveling, and that part of the enjoyment of travel comes from the fact that anything can happen. They also regret that if you follow a guidebook, you’ll end up doing the same thing and having the same experience as everyone else. You might end up seeing the same group of people over and over, because everyone is reading the same book and following the same route.

Another criticism of travel guides is that they have a large impact on local communities. For example, some locals devote their lives to behaving in ways that attract tourists. They pretend to live a traditional lifestyle, wear traditional clothes and live in traditional houses in order to attract the tourist dollar.

64. The Lonely Planet guidebook can bring you the following advantages EXCEPT that __________.

A. you can speak a foreign language when opening a guidebook

B. you can easily find a nice place to stay in a strange city

C. it provides lots of useful information about your destination

D. it can help you save time and money when traveling

65. People criticize the guidebook because __________.

A. it is not as useful as most travelers expect

B. tourist destinations will be crowded if everyone follows the same route

C. travelers may not get the chance to have unexpected adventures

D. local people keep modern lifestyles under its influence

66. What do we know about the Lonely Planet guidebook from the text?

A. It’s a world-famous brand only producing guidebooks for travelers.

B. It’s very useful to a person who’s nervous about touring an unfamiliar place.

C. It’s very useful to a tourist who likes to repeat others’ experiences.

D. It is loved by all travelers because of the convenience it brings to travelers.

67. Which of the following best shows the structure of the text? (①—⑦ stand for Paragraph 1

—Paragraph 7 )

A. ①            B.  ①                C. ①                D. ①

②                 ②③  ④                ②                ②   ③

③④   ⑤⑥⑦         ⑤        ⑥⑦        ③④⑤  ⑥⑦       ④⑤      ⑥⑦