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材料:

忆启功

在启功先生诞辰100周年的日子里,社会各界的人们在不同的场合以不同的方式来缅怀和纪念他,这一现象足以反映出启功先生学术思想、艺术精神和人格魅力的影响深远!

启功先生生前担任了中国书协的最高职务,他潜心研究传统书法艺术,形成了俊朗、清秀、端雅的“启体”风格。他的书法作品为各个社会阶层的人们传阅和珍藏。不仅如此,启功还将学术触角辐射到古典文献、文字、文物鉴定、红学、诗词、书画等,几乎涵盖了传统文化研究创作的所有领域。

启功先生于1912年生于北京,早年在父辈的几位门生仗义相助下,在汇文学校读书,但终因经济困难,中学未毕业便辍学了。后来有幸师从陈垣先生,恩师对他几十年的精心教育,使启功先生异常感动,终身难忘。在《上大学》一文中他曾写道:“恩师陈垣这个‘恩’字,不是普通的恩惠之‘恩’,而是再造我思想、知识的‘恩’谊之恩!”而在自己的执教生涯中,启功又将此“恩”传给了学生、后辈。

学校准备设立一个基金会来奖励优秀学生,耄耋之年的启功为此呕心沥血伏案三年,完成了上百幅书画作品,在香港义卖得了163万元人民币。但他坚持以“励耘”命名.因为先师陈垣生前曾吟诗云:“老夫也是农家子,书屋于今号励耘。”他要以此纪念恩师。

启功先生平素为人谦和,却从不随波逐流、随声附和。比如,他对有人假冒他的书法表现得很超然;然而当他发现有人冒用他的名字进行古书画鉴定,并在赝品上以他的名义题字落款时,先生却非常气愤。登报发表声明:从今以后,启功不再为任何个人鉴定字画真伪,不再为任何个人收藏的古字画题签。声明发表后,启功先生的许多朋友都不相信他能做到,因为他们知道启功先生为人随和。好说话。可是先生真的是说到做到了,留下文物鉴定界的一则佳话。

早在1978年,六十六岁的他风头正健之时,就自撰其《墓志铭》:“中学生,副教授。博不精,专不透。名虽扬,实不够。高不成,低不就。瘫趋左,派曾右。面微圆,皮欠厚。妻已亡,并无后。

丧犹新,病照旧。六十六,非不寿,八宝山,渐相凑。计平生,谥日陋。身与名,一齐臭。”如今,我们以虔敬之心缅怀启功先生,他用93载的人生路写下了一个大写的“人”字,让我们仰之弥高,永记心中。

(自2012年7月《中国教育报》,有删改)

 

本文最后一段引入了启功先生自撰的《墓志铭》,有什么作用?请简要概括。

答案

参考答案:

概括了启功的主要生平,是他一生的真实写照。不仅诙谐幽默地表现了他为人的谦虚,对坎坷的豁达,对名利、生死的淡泊;也收束了全文,表达了作者对他的缅怀和赞佩。

单项选择题 A1/A2型题
填空题


The United States counts its population every ten years, and each census reveals that the racial and ethnic mix is changing dramatically, so by the year 2050, the "average" American will not be descended from (1) , but the majority of U. S. residents will trace (2) ancestry to Africa, Asia, the Hispanic world, the Pacific Islands, or the Middle East. Once the United States was a microcosm of European nationalities, (3) the United States is a microcosm of the world. The United States is (4) considered a "melting pot" society by many of its residents. (5) , many people prefer the term "salad bowl." They use this (6) to describe American society. American society will soon be (7) nonwhite. "Melting pot" implies that the different ethnic groups blend together (8) one homogeneous (9) , "salad bowl" (10) that nationalities, like the ingredients in a mixed green salad, retain their cultural (11) . Earlier generations of (12) believed they had to learn English quickly not only to survive but also for (13) .
Now, many immigrant groups do not (14) the same need. Because there are many places in America (15) you can work, shop, get medical care, marry, divorce and die without knowing English. (16) , Chinatown in San Francisco and New York. Also, Los Angeles has many Vietnamese immigrants and immigrants from Mexico. (17) , many immigrant groups want their children to know their (18) culture. Many Hispanics, for instance, want their children to learn (19) English and Spanish and study the Spanish language in school. They are fighting for the (20) to bilingual education in many communities. In many communities they are in the majority.