问题 填空题

(1)将碎蛋壳(主要成分是CaCO3)浸泡在盐酸中会生成一种能使澄清石灰水变浑浊的无色气体。上述的两个反应的离子方程式为:①                            

                                                                         

(2)我们常在热水瓶中看到水垢,其主要成分是CaCO3和Mg(OH)2,要除去水垢,常用的方法是向瓶中加入稀醋酸将其溶解,其反应的离子方程式为①                     

                                                                        

(3)MgSO4溶液中滴加少量氨水,其反应的离子方程式为                             

(4)请将下列离子方程式改写为化学方程式:

① 2NH4+ + Ba2+ + 2OH- + SO42- = BaSO4↓+2NH3·H2O

                                                                         

② BaCO3 + 2H+ = Ba2++CO2↑+H2O

                                                                      

答案

⑴① CaCO3 + 2H+ = Ca2+ + CO2↑+H2O

② CO2 + Ca2+ + 2OH = CaCO3↓+ H2O

⑵① CaCO3 + 2CH3COOH = Ca2+ + 2CH3COO— +CO2↑+H2O

② Mg(OH)2 + 2CH3COOH = Mg2+ + 2CH3COO— +2 H2O

⑶ Mg2++2 NH3·H2O =Mg(OH)2↓+2NH4+

⑷ ① (NH4)2SO4 + Ba(OH)2 = BaSO4↓+2 NH3·H2O

② BaCO3 + 2HCl = BaCl2 + H2O + CO2↑(其他合理答案也可)(各2分)

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