问题 问答题 简答题

解释下列名词:限速酶、变构酶、同工酶、酶原。

答案

参考答案:

(1)限速酶、变构酶:细胞内许多代谢途径,均由一系列连续反应构成,而反应速度最慢的一步可控制全途径的总速度,称为限速步骤,催化此步骤的酶为限速酶。大多数限速酶受配体(ligands)调节,限速酶与配体结合后能引起构象改变,进而致使其催化活性改变。故限速酶即是变构酶或称别位酶(2)同工酶:指催化相同的生化反应,而酶蛋白的分子结构、理化性质甚至免疫学性质不同的一组酶。同工酶的变化有助于某些疾病的临床诊断,如血清中磷酸肌酸激酶(CPK)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的同工酶检测,可用于心肌梗死的早期诊断。

(3)酶原:有些酶在细胞内合成或初分泌时无活性中心或活性中心被掩盖,因此不表现酶活性。这种无活性的前身物称为酶原。从酶无活性状态转化成有活性的过程,称为酶原的激活,如胃蛋白酶原在pH值1.5时可变成胃蛋白酶。

单项选择题
单项选择题

Our ape-men forefathers had no obvious natural weapons in the struggle for (1) in the open. They had neither the powerful teeth nor the p claws of the big cats. They could not (2) with the bear, whose strength, speed and claws (3) an impressive " small fire" weaponry. They could not even defend themselves (4) running swiftly like the horses, zebras or small animals. If the ape-men had attempted to compete on those terms in the open, they would have been (5) to failure and extinction. But they were (6) with enormous concealed advantages of a kind not possessed by any of their competitors.

In the search (7) the pickings of the forest, the ape-men had (8) efficient stereoscopic vision and a sense of color that the animals of the grasslands did not (9) . The ability to see clearly at close range permitted the ape-men to study practical problems in a way that lay far (10) the reach of the original inhabitants of the grassland. Good long-distance sight was (11) another matter. Lack of long-distance vision had not been a problem for forest-dwelling apes and monkeys because the (12) the viewpoint, the greater the range of sight-so (13) they had had to do was climb a tree. Out in the open, however, this simple solution was not (14) . Climbing a hill would have helped, but in many places the ground was flat. The ape-men (15) the only possible solution. They reared up as high as possible on their hind limbs and began to walk (16) . This vital change of physical position brought about considerable disadvantages. It was extremely unstable and it meant that the already slow ape-men became (17) still. (18) , they persevered and their bone structure gradually became (19) to the new, unstable position that (20) them the name Homo erectus, upright man.

8()

A.progressed

B.generated

C.developed

D.advanced