问题 问答题 论述题

在比较浮动汇率制和固定汇率制优缺点的基础上,简述我国目前实行的汇率制度?

答案

参考答案:

1.汇率制度大致划分为两大类型,固定汇率制与浮动汇率制。固定汇率制是根据国际货币协议,由各国政府按照本国货币和外国货币含金量之比,即黄金平价,确定本国货币对外国货币的汇率,并把汇率的上下波动控制在一定幅度之内。在固定汇率下,各国货币的汇率由于政府承担着干预的义务而保持相对稳定。国际汇率的稳定,不仅减少了汇率风险,而且有利于成本和利润的核算,从而对世界经济贸易的稳定和发展,起到了一定的积极作用,如我国的香港地区就实行与美元挂钩的联系汇率制。浮动汇率制是指一国货币对其他各国货币的汇率不再规定黄金平价和汇率波动的上下限,而是根据政策目标和外汇市场的供求情况,自行调整或浮动的汇率制度。目前已成为世界各国普遍实行的汇率制度。在浮动汇率下,各国可以免除为维持固定汇率而承担的干预外汇市场的风险,从而防止外汇储备的流失。此外,各国政府还增强了对货币政策和外汇政策的管理权,它们可以利用汇率的调整,改善本国进出口贸易和商品价格的条件,从而有助于国际收支的调节和平衡。但是,汇率的频繁浮动和人为扭曲,妨碍了国际经济间经济贸易的正常顺利进行,各国汇率政策都采取利己主义,从而削弱了国际合作,加剧了国际经济关系的矛盾。这两种汇率制度安排各有利弊。当前世界各国汇率制度的选择已呈现多样性。一国汇率制度的安排并非在固定汇率制与浮动汇率制之间简单取舍,而是在现实意义上的盯住汇率制或弹性汇率制之间做出选择。

2、我国人民币汇率目前实行以市场供求为基础、参考一篮子货币进行调节、有管理的浮动汇率制。它是结合我国具体情况而选择的一种汇率制度。

阅读理解

There’s no shortage of web sites offering deals-everything from daily deals to members-only private sales. But when it comes to real jaw-dropping deals, there’s one company that seems to have figured out a way to really deliver.

The company is called Quibids and they auction(拍卖)the hottest, in-demand electronics like Apple ipads and ipods, as well as other items like gift cards from the top retailers(零售商). Unlike other sites, the prices people pay are nowhere near retail. How low are the prices?

$ 33.84 for a new Apple ipad 32 GB(retail $ 600)

$ 22.10 for a new Nikon D90 Digital SLR Camera(retail $ 1070)

Our first reaction on seeing these prices was disbelief. After all, how could Quibids possibly afford to sell these items for so little ---- surely they must be losing a lot of money.

That’s where its unique business model comes into play. You see, for every bid a buyer places for an item on Quibids, the company collects a small fee from the bidder. The fee to bid is only about 60 cents, but based on the volume of sales and bids, the company is able to collect enough to make up for the ridiculous prices the items sell for.

But best of all, participating in the Quibids auction is incredibly fun. Because each bid costs a little to place, shoppers can strategize when to place their bids. Each auction has a strict time limit. When you place your bid, the system adds a little time to the auction to see if any other bids come in. If you have the winning bid when the clock runs out ---- you win the item for that price.

But the best part of Quibids may be the “Buy-It-Now” feature. This allows bidders who did not win an auction to still buy the product they want and apply the cost of the bids they placed as a discount on the regular product price. So you still get the item and the bids you placed previously in the auction don’t cost you anything!

小题1:According to the passage, the success of Quibids mainly lies in          .

A.how its buying and selling is conducted

B.the change in people’s shopping model

C.the quality of the goods and service

D.their willingness to risk losing money小题2:It can be inferred from the passage that          .

A.other retailers will be out of business

B.winning a bid is not just a matter of luck

C.Quibids only sell popular electronics

D.the prices on Quibids are the lowest小题3:A buyer who bid twice for a $ 20 MP4 can get one from “Buy-It-Now” for          .

A.$ 21.2

B.$ 20

C.$ 19.4

D.$ 18.8小题4:Which might be the most suitable title for the passage?

A.Buy Products for Next to Nothing

B.How to Buy New Must–have Electronics

C.The Most Successful Shopping Website

D.Tips on Shopping Online

问答题 简答题