问题 问答题 论述题

物质和意识的关系是什么?对社会主义建设的指导意义是什么?

答案

参考答案:

1.物质和意识的关系:

物质的定义:是不依赖于人的意识并能为人的意识所反映的客观存在。意识在本质上是人脑的机能,是客观存在的反映。

二者关系:世界统一于物质,意识是物质世界的产物,物质第一性,意识第二性,物质决定意识,意识对物质有能动作用。

2.对社会主义建设的指导意义:

(1)社会主义建设必须以经济建设为基础,尊重客观实际,尊重客观规律。

(2)在经济建设的基础上,发挥主观能动性,大胆实践,勇于探索,掌握社会主义现代化建设的客观规律,建设好上层建筑,积极为社会主义建设事业发挥个人的主动性、创造性。

(3)要强调主观能动性与客观规律的统一,积极的工作热情和冷静的科学态度的统一,一切从实际出发,解放思想,实事求是,从而积极进行社会主义建设。

阅读理解

I came to study in the United States a year ago .Yet I did not know the real American society until I was hurt in a car accident because after the accident I had to see a doctor and go to court(法院).

After the accident , my roommate called a doctor for me. I was very grateful and decided  to repay him one day. But the next day, he asked me to pay him $200 for what he had done. I was amazed. He had good reason to charge me, he said. And if I wanted to collect money from the person who was responsible for my accident, I’d have to have a good lawyer. And only a good doctor can help me get a good lawyer .Now that he had helped me find a good doctor, it was only fair that I should pay him.

But every day I went to see the doctor, I had to wait about 50 minutes. He would see two or three patients at the same time, and often stop treating one so as to see another. Yet he charged me $115 each time .The final examination report consisted of ten lines, and it cost me $215.

My lawyer was all smiles the first time we met. But after that he avoided seeing me at all. He knew very well the other party was responsible for the accident, yet he hardly did anything. He simply waited to collect his money. He was so irresponsible that I decided to refuse his help. And he made me pay him $770.

Now I had to act as my own lawyer. Due to my inexperience(缺少经验), I told the insurance(保险) company the date I was leaving America. Knowing that, they played for time and I left without getting a cent.

小题1:The author’s roommate offered to help him because________.

A.he felt sorry for the author

B.he thought it was a chance to make some money

C.he knew the doctor was a very good one

D.he wanted the author to have a good lawyer小题2:The word“charge”in the third paragraph means_________ .

A.ask for a price

B.stop paying

C.pay instead of

D.give some help to小题3:A good lawyer is important for the writer to _________________.

A.be well treated by the doctor

B.talk with the person responsible for the accident

C.get what he should for his injury

D.get well before he leaves that country.小题4:Both the doctor and the lawyer in this passage are very__________.

A.friendly

B.selfish(自私的)

C.professional

D.busy

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