问题 问答题 简答题

如何概括现代经济中金融的地位与作用?

答案

参考答案:

(一)经济发展决定金融:

金融是依附于商品经济的一种产业,是在商品经济发展过程中产生并随着商品经济的发展而发展的。商品经济的不同发展阶段对金融的需求不同,由此决定了金融发展的结构、规模和层次。金融发展的阶段主要取决于经济发展的阶段。

(二)金融对经济发展的推动作用:

1、通过金融运作的特点,如提供货币促进商品生产和流通、提供信用促进资金融通、提供各种金融服务便利经济运作等,为经济发展提供条件。

2、通过金融的基本功能促进储蓄并将其顺利转化为投资,为经济发展提供资金投入。如通过吸收存款和发行有价证券、向国外借款等为发展经济组织资金来源;通过发放贷款、抵押、贴现、购买有价证券等为经济发展提供资金供给等。

3、通过金融机构的经营运作节约交易成本,促进资金融通,便利经济活动,合理配置资源,提高经济发展的效率。

4、通过金融业自身的产值增长直接为经济发展作出贡献。

(三)现代经济发展中金融可能出现的不良影响:

1、因金融总量失控出现通货膨胀、信用膨胀,导致社会总供求失衡,危害经济发展。

2、因金融业运作不善使金融风险加大,一旦风险失控不仅导致金融业的危机,而且将破坏经济发展的稳定性和安全性,引发经济危机。

3、因信用过度膨胀产生金融泡沫,膨胀虚拟资本,刺激过度投机,剥离金融与实质经济的血肉联系,对经济发展有很大的破坏性。

名词解释
单项选择题

Although "naming rights" have proliferated in American higher education for the past several decades, the phenomenon has recently expanded to extraordinary lengths. Anything to get an extra dollar out of donors is fair game. I know colleges and universities sorely need to raise funds in these times of fiscal constraints, but things have gotten a bit out of hand.
Universities and colleges have long been named after donors-think of Harvard, Yale, Brown, and many others. John Harvard would hardly get a bench named after him today, given the modesty of his gift of books for the library back in the seventeenth century. Now it takes much more to get one’s name on a college. One institution, Rowan University of New Jersey, changed its name (from Glassboro State College) not long ago when a large donation was made. Buildings, too, have been affected. Traditionally, they were named after people such as distinguished scholars or visionary academic leaders; now they’re often named after big donors.
Why is all of this happening now The main motivation for the naming frenzy is, of course, to raise money. Donors love to see their names, or the names of their parents or other relatives, on buildings, schools, institutions, professorships, and the like. Increasingly, corporations and other businesses also seek to benefit from having their names on educational facilities. Today, no limits seem to exist on what can be named. If something does not have a name, it is up for grabs—a staircase, a pond, or a parking garage. Once all the major facilities have titles, lesser things go on the naming auction block. Colleges and universities, public and private, are all under increased pressure to raise money, and naming brings in cash.
It is unproductive. Separate branding weakens the focus and mission of an institution and perhaps even its broader reputation. It confuses the public, including potential students, and feeds the idea that the twenty-first-century university is simply a confederation of independent entrepreneurial domains.
The trends we see now in the United States, and perhaps tomorrow in other countries, will inevitably weaken the concept of the university as an institution that is devoted to the search for truth and the transmission of knowledge. All this naming distracts from the mission of an institution that has almost a millennium of history and cheapens its image. It is a sad symbol indeed of the commercialization and entrepreneurialism of the contemporary university.

In the 4th paragraph, the word "unproductive" probably means ______.

A.naming cannot bring benefits to the donating businesses

B.separate naming yields a broader reputation for a university

C.out-of-hand naming weakens the goal of higher education

D.naming cannot raise enough money for a university’s development