文本材料概括分析（15分）

苏轼批评吴道子的画，曾经说过：“出新意于法度之中，寄妙理于豪放之外。”这两句话也许可以现成的应用在他自己身上，概括他在诗歌里的理论和实践。前面一句算得“豪放”的定义，用苏轼所能了解的话来说，就是“从心所欲，不逾矩”；用近代术语来说，就是：自由是以规律性的认识为基础，在艺术规律的容许之下，创造力有充分的自由活动。这正是苏轼所一再声明的，作文该像“行云流水”或“泉源涌地”那样的自在活泼，可是同时候很谨严的“行于所当行，止于所不可不止”。

他在风格上的大特色是比喻的丰富、新鲜和贴切，而且在他的诗里还看得到宋代讲究散文的人所谓“博喻”或者西洋人所称道的莎士比亚式的比喻，一连串把五花八门的形象来表达一件事物的一个方面或一种状态。这种描写和衬托的方法彷佛是采用了旧小说里讲的“车轮战法”，连一接二的搞得那件事物应接不暇，本相毕现，降伏在诗人的笔下。在中国诗歌里，《诗经》每每有这种写法。唐代算韩愈的诗里这类比喻最多。但是我们试看苏轼的《百步洪》第一首里写水波冲泻的一段：“有如兔走鹰隼落，骏马下注千丈坡，断弦离柱箭脱手，飞电过隙珠翻荷”，四句里七种形象，错综利落，衬得《诗经》和韩愈的例子都呆板滞钝了。

苏轼的主要毛病是在诗里铺排古典成语，所以批评家嫌他“事障”，“如积薪”，“窒、积、芜”，而袒护他的人就赞他对“故实小说”和“街谈巷语”，都能够“入手便用，似神仙点瓦砾为黄金”。他批评过孟浩然的诗“韵高而才短，如造内法酒手而无材料”，这句话恰恰透露出他自己的偏向和弱点。

（节选自《宋诗选注》）

小题1:这段材料对苏轼的诗有怎样的评价？（3分）

小题2:本文是如何看待苏轼诗的“豪放”的？用自己的话概括。（4分）

小题3:贺铸《青玉案》“试问闲愁都几许？一川烟草，满城风絮，梅子黄时雨”也是博喻的佳例，简要分析这组比喻如何使得“本相毕现”的？（8分）

There are robots all around us. Some do very complicated jobs like flying airplanes and driving subway trains. and some do one simple job. When an automatic washing machine is switched on, water pours in. The machine waits until the water is warm enough for washing clothes. It does this by “feedback”(反馈). Information about what is happening is feedback into the robot to tell what to do next. Our eyes, ears and other senses are our feedback. They tell us what is going on around us. So robots are like human beings in two ways.

They work and they have feedback.

In some ways robots are better than human beings. They work quickly and do not make mistakes. They do not get bored doing the same job over and over again. And they never get tired. So robots are very useful in factories. They can be taught to do many different jobs. First their electronic brain must be shown how the job is done. A person moves the robot’s “arms” and “hands” through each part of the job.

The most intelligent robots can move and see. Their eyes are cameras. Their fingers can feel shapes and sizes of the objects. These robots have computer brains linked to their eyes and fingers, which control their actions. The expensive robots are used in scientific research. They do such job as handling radioactive materials.

小题1: In this passage the author tells us that ________.

A．robots are very popular

B．there are various kinds of robots

C．we see robots only at certain times

D．robots can be easily controlled小题2:What does the author seem to inform you about robots?

A．They should be greatly improved.

B．They will probably take over in the future.

C．They are very helpful and useful to humans.

D．They are machines that break down a lot.小题3:The author says that in industry ________.

A．robots break down a lot

B．robots can do many jobs

C．robots only get in the way

D．robots sometimes cause troubles小题4: The fact that a robot never gets bored doing the same job means that _______.

A．it is very much like human beings

B．it can do boring jobs for people

C．it will never bore people

D．it will work much better than human beings小题5: The robots used for scientific research _______.

A．are not very clever

B．are very cheap

C．are very big

D．are very costly