问题 单项选择题

所谓定势效应是指人们局限于既有的信息或认识的现象。人们在一定的环境中工作和生活,久而久之就会形成一种固定的思维模式,使人们习惯于从固定的角度来观察、思考事物,以固定的方式来接受事物。
根据上述定义,下列没有体现定势效应的一项是( )。

A.老张因病需要做手术,但他看到主治医师非常年轻后,就认为其治疗经验少,水平肯定不高,于是立即要求医院换一个医生
B.小田和同事小赵有矛盾,每当小田看到小赵和其他人聊天时,总感到小赵是在说他的坏话
C.当了二十年的刑侦警察的老李能一眼就辨认出小偷、逃犯以及走私分子
D.小陈买 * * 每次都买专家推荐购买的号码

答案

参考答案:D

解析: 根据定义,定势效应是指人们在一定的环境中和生活中,形成的固定思维模式,以固定的方式来接受事物。A项中,老张认为年轻的医生治疗经验少,水平低,因此要求换一个医生,属于定势效应;B项中,小田因为和小赵有矛盾,认为小赵一定会说他坏话,形成了一种思维定势,导致他一看到小赵和别人聊天,就觉得小赵在说他的坏话;C项中,老李在二十年的警察生涯中,见到许多的犯罪分子,形成了一定的思维模式,因此能一眼就辨认出小偷、逃犯等,属于定势效应;D项,小陈每次都买专家推荐购买的号码,只是迷信权威和专家,并不是在一定的工作和环境中形成的定势思维,故不属于定势效应。本题正确答案为D。

单项选择题
单项选择题

Should we care if over 150 known species of animals have (91) from the earth in the last fifty years Should we be concerned that there are (92) thousands of species whose very existence is (93) endangered—largely because of our activities (94) , after all, is the natural end of populations. Species are born, then (95) , and then die. Some live a (96) time, perhaps millions of years; some die more quickly. We have (97) the extinction of many species we know about, and we have undoubtedly sealed the (98) of others. In fact, there are undoubtedly many other species that have lived among us during our time on earth, but that have disappeared as a (n) (99) of our activities without our ever having known they existed.
It is hard to explain the rationale of many of us who are concerned about such matters. I have never seen a sea whale, (100) I don’t want them to become extinct. Moreover, I felt this way long before I understood anything about how they might be an important part of an ecosystem. Possibly such feelings merely reflect the cultural attitude that it is "nice" to wish other living things well; thus, the attitude is (101) . I feel nice.
There are, of course, more rational reasons for (102) the extermination of any species. For one thing, the kind of attitude that encourages or sanctions the destruction of other species is a threat (103) our own wellbeing. If such an attitude exists, we ourselves might (104) victim to it. living things (including us) might be expected to fare better where there is (105) for life. The extinction of other species could also threaten us (106) by simplifying the system of which we are a part or by destroying parts of the ecosystem (107) which we directly rely. For example, if we continue to poison the oceans (108) we are willing to believe only a few bottom dwellers are affected, we might (109) overstep some critical threshold and trigger the wholesale death of plankton, thus finding ourselves without a major (110) of the world’s food and with our oxygen supplies dwindling.

A.long

B.short

C.comfortable

D.terrible