问题 单项选择题

软件______是指改正产生于系统开发阶段而在系统测试阶段尚未发现的错误。

A.完善性维护
B.适应性维护
C.正确性维护
D.预防性维护

答案

参考答案:C

解析:本题考查软件维护相关知识。
软件维护的类型包括:改正性维护(正确性维护)、适应性维护、完善性维护、预防性维护。
改正性维护:在软件交付使用后,必然会有一部分隐藏的错误被带到运行阶段来。这些隐藏下来的错误在某些特定的使用环境下就会暴露出来。为了识别和纠正软件错误、改正软件性能上的缺陷、排除实施中的误使用,应当进行的诊断和改正错误的过程,就叫做改正性维护。
适应性维护:随着计算机的飞速发展,外部环境(新的硬、软件配置)或数据环境(数据库、数据格式、数据输入/输出方式、数据存储介质)可能发生变化,为了使软件适应这种变化,而去修改软件的过程就叫做适应性维护。
完善性维护:在软件的使用过程中,用户往往会对软件提出新的功能与性能要求。为了满足这些要求,需要修改或再开发软件,以扩充软件功能、增强软件性能、改进加工效率、提高软件的可维护性。这种情况下进行的维护活动叫做完善性维护。
预防性维护:为了提高软件的可维护性、可靠性等而提出的一种维护类型,它为以后进一步改进软件打下了良好的基础。通常,预防性维护定义为:“把今天的方法学用于昨天的系统以满足明天的需要”。也就是说,采用先进的软件工程方法对需要维护的软件或软件中的某一部分(重新)进行设计、编制和测试。

阅读理解

There seems never to have been a civilization without toys, but when and how they developed is unknown. They probably came about just to give children something to do .

In the ancient world , as is today ,most boys played with some kinds of toys and most girls with another .In societies where social roles are rigidly determined, boys pattern their play after the activities of their fathers and girls are being prepared, even in play , to step into the roles and responsibilities of the adult world .

What is remarkable about the history of toys is not so much how they changed over the centuries but how much they have remained the same . The changes have been mostly in terms of craftsmanship ,mechanics, and technology . It is the universality of toys with regard to their development in all parts of the world and their persistence to the present that is amazing .In Egypt ,America ,China ,Japan and among the Arctic (北极的)people, generally the same kinds of toys appeared. Variations depended on local customs and way of life because toys imitate their surrounding. Nearly every civilization had dolls, little weapons, toy soldiers, tiny animals and vehicles.

Because toys can be generally regarded as a kind of art form, they have not been subject to technological leaps that characterize inventions for adult use .The progress from the wheel to the cart to the automobile is a direct line of ways up. The progress from a rattle (拔浪鼓) used by a baby in 3000BCto one used by an infant today , however , is not characterized by inventiveness. Each rattle is the product of the artistic tastes of the times and subject to the limitations of available materials.

小题1:The reason why the toys most boys play with are different from those that girls play with is that       .

A.their social roles are rigidly determined

B.they like challenging activities

C.most boys would like to follow their fathers’ professions

D.boys like to play with their fathers while girls with their mothers.小题2:One aspect of “the universality of toys ”lies in the fact that          .

A.the basic characteristics of toys are the same all over the world

B.technological advances have greatly improved the durability of toys

C.the exploration of the universe has led to the creation of new kinds of toys

D.the improvement of craftsmanship in making toys depends on the efforts of universities小题3:Which of the following is the author’s view on the historical development of toys?

A.Toys are playing an increasingly important role in shaping a child’s character.

B.The toy industry has witnessed great leaps in technology in recent years.

C.The craftsmanship in toy-making has remained essentially unchanged.

D.Toys have remained basically the same all through the centuries.小题4:Regarded as a kind of art form, toys          .

A.reflect the pace of social progress

B.are not characterized by technological progress

C.follow a direct line of ascent

D.also appeal greatly to adults

单项选择题