问题 问答题 案例分析题

頃余之舊契讀孟堅漢書藝文志載五苦六辛之說而顏師古輩皆無注解渠特以問余余顧其內經諸書中亦不見其文既相別矣乘蹇且十里外颯然而悟欲復回以告予之舊契已歸且遠乃令載之以示來者夫五者五臟也臟者裏也六者六腑也腑者表也病在裏者屬陰分宜以苦寒之藥湧之泄之病在表者屬陽分宜以辛溫之劑發之汗之此五苦六辛之意也顏師古不注蓋闕其疑也乃知學不博而欲爲醫難矣余又徐思五積六聚其用藥亦不外於是夫五積在臟有常形屬裏宜以苦寒之藥湧之泄之六聚在腑無常形屬表宜以辛溫之藥發之汗之與前五苦六辛亦合亦有表熱而可用柴胡之涼者猶宜熱而行之裏寒而可用薑附之熱者猶宜寒而行之余恐來者不明內經發表攻裏之旨故並以孟堅五苦六辛之說附於卷末(金·張從正《儒門事親·攻裏發表寒熱殊途箋》)

文意理解①張從正寫這篇短文的原因是什麼?②“五苦六辛”之說有幾種解釋,各是什麼?

答案

参考答案:

①因爲“五苦六辛”之說是一個疑難問題,注釋《漢書》的顏師古輩皆無注解,“《內經》諸書中亦不見其文”,正巧張子和的一個老朋友特向他求教這一問題,子和經過認真思索,悟出了其中的含義。故寫下這則短文,以示來者。

②共有三種解釋。除張子和此說外,尚有,姚明輝《漢志注解》說:“五苦:黃連、苦參、黃芩、黃柏、大黃。”六辛:乾薑、附子、肉桂、吳萸、蜀椒、細辛”。此外,四版《醫古文》教材認爲:五苦即苦溫、苦熱、苦甘、苦辛、苦鹹。六辛即辛溫、辛酸、辛熱、辛甘、辛涼、辛寒。見《素問·至真要大論》。

阅读理解

Akuapem is in the eastern part of Ghana. The sun there shines all the time. The local people are very friendly and hospitable(好客的). Now let’s have a look at how Akuapem people receive a visitor.

A visitor is often welcomed warmly in a family of Akuapem. After the visitor is welcomed into the house, he is offered a seat and water at the very beginning, because the host assumes that the visitor must have come from a very long journey and need water. If there is a group of visitors, the host will greet the visitors from right to left. And the host shakes only with his right hand, because Akuapem people think the left hand is not clean.

Next, the visitor is asked how his journey was and why he has come. While the conversation is going on, the wife and the children, especially girls, are preparing food for the visitor. The visitor can choose his favorite food. After the visitor finishes eating, the host and the visitor go on with their conversation. Usually this is short one because the visitor is getting ready to say goodbye.

When the visitor is leaving, he is often given some food. He is also accompanied(陪伴) by one of the children to the nearest station. The child who accompanies the visitor will not come back home until the visitor leaves safely.

Whether he is a close friend or just a stranger, this is always how friendly Akuapem people receive a visitor.

小题1:The underlined word “assumes” here probably means “   ”.

A.thinks

B.remembers .

C.disagrees

D.follows小题2:Which of the following is TRUE to the passage?

A.The host talks little with the visitor.

B.The child accompanies the visitor to the gate of the house.

C.The host offers the visitor a seat only.

D.The visitor takes some food with him when he leaves.小题3: From the passage we know that Akuapem people are         .

A.noisy

B.friendly

C.impolite

D.quiet

单项选择题 A1型题