问题 问答题 简答题

简述锌缺乏的主要临床表现。

答案

参考答案:

(1)生长发育障碍。锌缺乏影响生长发育,包括骨骼、内脏器官和脑的生长发育。孕期严重锌缺乏可使胚胎发育畸形,胎儿出生后锌缺乏可导致侏儒症。

(2)性发育障碍及性功能低下。性发育障碍是青少年锌缺乏的另一个主要表现。患者表现为生殖器幼稚型,无第二性征出现。患锌缺乏病的已发育成熟的成人会出现阳痿、性欲减退等表现。

(3)味觉及嗅觉障碍。锌缺乏病的患者可出现味、嗅觉迟钝或异常,异食癖和食欲缺乏是目前公认的缺锌症状。异食癖和食欲缺乏与味、嗅觉障碍和异常有关。

(4)伤口愈合不良。锌能促进外科伤口的愈合,缺锌影响伤口愈合。

(5)神经精神障碍。锌缺乏时对脑功能和神经精神具有很大的影响。锌缺乏病的患者表现为精神萎靡、嗜睡、欣快感或幻觉,小脑功能受损可表现出躯干和肢体的共济失调。

(6)免疫功能减退。锌缺乏病患者免疫功能受到损伤,患者很容易被感染,而且往往是反复出现的感染。

(7)贫血及皮炎。锌缺乏的病人往往伴随着铁的缺乏。除了缺铁性贫血外,锌缺乏本身也会造成贫血的出现。因此,锌缺乏病患者一般面色苍白,具有明显贫血面貌。由于长期的贫血缺氧而出现“匙状甲”。常见口角溃烂、口角炎,萎缩性舌炎,舌面光滑,发红。眼、口、肛门等周围,肢端、肘膝、前臂等处有对称性糜烂、水疱或者脓疱,过度角化的瘢块。

(8)胎儿生长障碍与畸形。世界卫生组织的一个报告提示,胎儿无脑畴形可能与孕母缺锌有关。目前国内外的研究已经很清晰地表明,锌营养状况较差的妇女,其妊娠较差,表现为早产儿、低出生体重儿和畸形儿的出生率较高。

填空题
完形填空
Years ago, in a small fishing village in Holland, a young boy taught the world about the rewards of unselfish service.
Because the entire village lived on fishing, a volunteer rescue team was needed in case of emergency. One night, the winds   36  , the clouds burst and a strong storm overturned a fishing boat at sea. The crew in trouble   37  the SOS. The captain of the rescue rowboat team   38  the alarm and the villagers   39  in the town square overlooking the sea. When the team started their rowboat fought their way through the wild waves, the villagers waited   40  on the beach, holding lamps to   41  the way back.
An hour later, the rescue boat reappeared through the fog and the   42  villagers ran to greet them. Falling   43  on the sand, the volunteers reported that the rescue boat could not hold any more   44   and they had to leave one man behind. Even one more passenger would have surely   45 the rescue boat and all would have been lost.
   46  , the captain called for another volunteer team to   47  the survivor. Sixteen-year-old Hans stepped forward. His mother grabbed his arm, crying, "please don't go. Your father   48 in a shipwreck  (船只失事) 10 years ago and your elder brother, Paul, has been lost  49  for three weeks. Hans, you are all I have left."
Hans replied, "Mother, I have to go.    50  everyone said I can't go, let someone else do it? Mother, this time I have to do my duty. When the call for service   51 , we all need to take our turn and do our part. Hans kissed his mother, joined the team and   52  into the night. "
Another hour passed, which seemed to Hans' mother like a century.    53   the rescue boat dashed through the fog with Hans standing up in the bow.    54 his hands, the captain called, "did you find the lost man?"    55  able to control himself, Hans excitedly cried back, "Yes, we found him. Tell my mother it's my elder brother, Paul!"
小题1:
A.stilledB.screamed C.stoppedD.calmed
小题2:
A.set aboutB.sent outC.came up withD.took over
小题3:
A.soundedB.setC.tookD.made
小题4:
A.gatheredB.followedC.foughtD.struggled
小题5:
A.nervouslyB.angrilyC.fearfullyD.happily
小题6:
A.hopeB.lightC.expectD.try
小题7:
A.promisingB.hopingC.cheeringD.standing
小题8:
A.uncomfortableB.exhaustedC.disturbedD.painful
小题9:
A.villagersB.sailorsC.captainsD.passengers
小题10:
A.pushedB.pulledC.overturnedD.settled
小题11:
A.AnxiouslyB.StrangelyC.Unexpectedly D.Doubtfully
小题12:
A.look afterB.look forC.lookoutD.look on
小题13:
A.diedB.pulledC.wentD.interrupted
小题14:
A.in the fireB.at seaC.on strikeD.in the war
小题15:
A.How aboutB.What forC.What ifD.What with
小题16:
A.comesB.goesC.fliesD.climbs
小题17:
A.appearedB.disappearedC.cameD.went
小题18:
A.ThereforeB.FirstlyC.whenD.Finally
小题19:
A.MakingB.KeepingC.Showing D.Cupping
小题20:
A.HardlyB.OnlyC.SeldomD.Always