问题 问答题 简答题

简述第2版《中国居民膳食指南》的基本内容。

答案

参考答案:

《中国居民膳食指南》(1997)由卫生部委托中国营养学会制定,于1997年4月10

正式发布。共有以下8条内容:

(1)食物多样,谷类为主。谷类食物是中国传统膳食的主体,是最经济的能量来源。提出谷类为主是为了提醒人们保持我国膳食的良好传统,防止发达国家的膳食弊端。另外要注意粗细搭配,经常吃一些粗粮、杂粮等。

(2)多吃蔬菜、水果和薯类。蔬菜和水果含有丰富的维生素、矿物质和膳食纤维;薯类含有丰富的淀粉、膳食纤维以及多种维生素和矿物质。含丰富蔬菜、水果和薯类的膳食在保持心血管健康、增强抗病能力、减少儿童发生眼干燥症的危险及预防某些癌症等方面起着十分重要的作用。

(3)常吃奶类、豆类或其制品。奶类除含丰富的优质蛋白质和维生素外,含钙量较高,且利用率也很高,是天然钙质的极好来源,这是任何食物均不可比拟的。豆类是我国的传统食品,含大量的优质蛋白质、不饱和脂肪酸、钙及维生察B1、维生素B2、烟酸等。为提高农村人口的蛋白质摄入量及防止城市中过多消费肉类带来的不利影响,应大力提倡豆类,特别是大豆及其制品的生产和消费。

(4)经常吃适量的鱼、禽、蛋、瘦肉,少吃肥肉和荤油。鱼、禽、蛋、瘦肉等动物性食物是优质蛋白质、脂溶性维生素和矿物质的良好来源。动物来源蛋白质的氨基酸组成更适合人体需要,且赖氨酸含量较高,有利于补充植物来源蛋白质中赖氨酸的不足。肉类中铁的利用较好,鱼类特别是海产鱼所含的不饱和脂肪酸有降低血脂和防止血栓形成的作用。动物肝脏含维生素A极为丰富,还富含维生素B12叶酸等。肥肉和荤油为高能量和高脂肪食物,摄入过多往往会引起肥胖,并成为某些慢性病的危险因素,应当少吃。

(5)食量与体力活动要平衡,保持适宜体重。保持正常体重是一个人健康的前提。进食量与体力活动是控制体重的两个主要因素。如果进食过大而活动量不足,多余的能量就会在体内以脂肪的形式积存,即增加体重,久之易引起发胖,因此,要避免毫无节制的饮食。相反若食量不足,劳动或运动量过大。可由于能量不足引起消瘦,造成劳动能力下降,所以人们需要保持食量与能量消耗之间的平衡。

(6)吃清淡少盐的膳食。吃清淡少盐的膳食有利于健康,既不要太油腻,也不要太咸,不要吃过多的动物性食物和油炸、烟熏食物。大量研究表明,钠的摄入量与高血压病发病呈正相关,因而食盐摄入量不宜过多。世界卫生组织建议每人每日食盐用量以不超过6g为宜。

(7)饮酒应限量。无节制地饮酒,会使食欲下降,食物摄入减少,以致发生多种营养素缺乏,严重时还会造成酒精性肝硬化;过量饮酒也会增加患高血压、卒中等疾病的危险;此外,饮酒还可导致事故及暴力的增加。因此,应严禁酗酒,成年人若饮酒可少量饮用低度酒,不应允许青少年饮酒。

(8)吃清洁卫生、不变质的食物。从食物的选择、烹调到就餐等各个过程都要注意卫生,集体用餐要提倡分餐制,以减少疾病传染的机会。

完形填空
The measure of a man’s real character is what he would do if he knew he would never be found out. ---Thomas Macaulay
Some thirty years ago, I was studying in a public school in New York. One day, Mrs Nanette O’Neill gave an arithmetic   36  to our class. When the papers were   37  she discovered that twelve boys had made exactly the same mistakes throughout the test.
There is nothing really new about   38 in exams. Perhaps that was why Mrs O’Neill didn’t even say a word about it. She only asked the twelve boys to   39  after class. I was one of the twelve.
Mrs O’Neill asked   40  questions, and she didn’t   41  us either. Instead, she wrote on the blackboard the   42  words by Thomas Macaulay. She then ordered us to   43  these words into our exercise-books one hundred times.
I don’t know about the other eleven boys. Speaking for   44  I can say:it was the most important single   45  of my life. Thirty years after being introduced to Macaulay’s words, they   46  seem to me the best yardstick(准绳), because they give us a way to _47____ourselves rather than others.
 48  of us are asked to make   49   decisions about nations going to war of armies going to battle. But all of us are called   50  daily to make a great many personal decisions.   51  the wallet, found in the street, be put into a pocket or turned over to the policeman? Should the   52  change received at the store be forgotten or   53 ? Nobody will know except   54 . But you have to live with yourself, and it is always   55  to live with someone you respect.
小题1:
A.testB.problemC.paperD.lesson
小题2:
A.examinedB.completedC.markedD.answered
小题3:
A.lyingB.cheating C.guessingD.discussing
小题4:
A.comeB.leave C.remain D.apologize
小题5:
A.noB.certainC.many D.more
小题6:
A.excuseB.shout C.helpD.scold
小题7:
A.aboveB.commonC.followingD.unusual
小题8:
A.repeatB.getC.putD.copy
小题9:
A.myselfB.ourselvesC.themselvesD.herself
小题10:
A.chanceB.incident C.lesson D.memory
小题11:
A.evenB.stillC.always D.almost
小题12:
A.measure B.respectC.love D.believe
小题13:
A.All B.FewC.SomeD.None
小题14:
A.quickB.wise C.greatD.personal
小题15:
A.out B.forC.upD.upon
小题16:
A.ShouldB.Must C.WouldD.Need
小题17:
A.extraB.smallC.someD.necessary
小题18:
A.paidB.rememberedC.shared D.returned
小题19:
A.meB.youC.us D.them
小题20:
A.easierB.more naturalC.betterD.more peaceful
单项选择题