问题 材料题

“农业、农村、农民”问题,被称为“三农”问题。胡 * * * * 说:“‘三农’”问题始终是关系党和人民事业发展的全局性和根本性问题。党中央国务院积极采取措施减轻农民负担,调动农民的生产积极性,实现农村富裕,推动生产力水平的不断提高。农业税的取消就充分证明了这一点。其实,不论哪个 * * 要想发展,都必须重视农业发展问题。据此请回答:

(1)土地是农民的命根子。商鞅变法、俄国1861年改革、日本明治维新中,在土地方面各是如何规定的?

_______________________________________________________________

(2)为调动农民的生产积极性,我国唐朝初年、三大改造时期、十一届三中全会以后,各采取哪些措施?

_______________________________________________________________

(3)农村的发展是国家综合发展的基础。在加强南北交通、促进南粮北运方面,元朝和隋朝相同的做法是什么?现在党中央为发展社会主义新农村采取了哪些新举措?

_______________________________________________________________

答案

(1)商鞅变法:国家承认土地私有,允许自由买卖;1861 年改革:农奴在获得解放时可以得到一份土地,但他们必须出钱赎买这块份地;明治维新:允许土地买卖。

(2)唐朝初年:减轻农民的赋税劳役;三大改造时期:掀起农业生产合作化运动,引导个体农民参加农业生产合作社,走集体化和共同富裕的社会主义道路。十一届三中全会:实行家庭联产承包责任制。

(3)相同:开凿贯穿南北的大运河;取消农业税或发放种粮补贴等等。

阅读理解

One of the greatest sources of unhappiness, in my experience, is the difficulty we have in accepting things as they are.

When we see something we don’t like, we wish it could be different -- we cry out for something better. That may be human nature, or perhaps it’s something that’s ingrained(根深蒂固的)in our culture.

The root of unhappiness is that we decided we didn’t like it in the first place. We’ve judged it as bad, rather than saying, “It’s not bad or good, as it just is.”

An example: in my recent post(帖子), A Beautiful Method to Find Peace of Mind, quite a few commentators thought my outlook was negative, pessimistic, or fatalistic(听天由命的)... because I said you should expect people to mess up, expect things to go differently from what you planned. Above all, you should embrace that.

It’s too negative to expect something to go wrong, they said. However, I think it’s only negative if you see it as negative, or if you judge it as bad.

Instead, you could accept it as the way the world works -- as the way things actually are. And try to understand why they are that way.

Does it mean you can never change things? Not at all. But changing things is not because you can’t accept things as they are, but because you enjoy the process of change of learning and growing.

Can we make this world a better place? Again, that’s an assumption that it’s a bad place fight now. But instead, you could say the world is just what it is -- and that’s neither good nor bad. You can say that you’ll continue to try to do things to help others, to grow as a person, to make a difference in this world -- not because you’re such a bad person now, but because that’s the path you choose to take, because you enjoy that path.

As you catch yourself judging, and wishing for different -- try a different approach: accept, and understand. It might lead to some interesting results.

小题1: Which of the following statements is correct according to the author?

A.We can never change things because we can’t accept them.

B.We shouldn’t try to do whatever we can to help others and make a difference.

C.It’s wrong of you to expect things to go differently.

D.There is nothing either good or bad, but thinking makes it so.小题2: What’s the main idea of the whole passage?

A.The world is a good place for us to live in.

B.Unhappiness comes from what we want to be different.

C.You might as well accept the world as it is and try to embrace it.

D.Let’s make the world more beautiful.小题3:Where does the passage probably come from?

A.A novel.

B.A news story.

C.A travel guide.

D.A magazine.

单项选择题 A2型题