问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文字,完成下列各题。

秋天的音乐

冯骥才

你每次上路出远门千万别忘记带上音乐,只要耳朵里有音乐,你一路上对景物的感受就全然变了,在音乐撩拨你心灵的同时,也把窗外的景物调弄得易感而动情。你被种种旋律和音响唤起的丰富的内心情绪,景物也全部神会了,它还随着你的情绪奇妙地进行自我再造。你振作它雄浑,你宁静它温存,你伤感它忧患,也许同时还给你加上一点人生甜蜜的慰藉……它使你一下子看到了久藏心底那些朦胧模糊或被时间湮没了的感受,于是你更深深坠入被感动的漩涡里,享受这画面、音乐和自己灵魂三者融为一体的特殊感受。

秋天十月,我去往东北最北部的大兴安岭。朋友送我一盒新翻录的“秋天的音乐”,火车一出山海关,我便戴上耳机听起这“秋天的音乐”,开端的旋律似乎熟悉,没等我怀疑它是不是真正的描述秋天,整个身心就进入秋天才有的一种异样温暖甜醉的感受里了。

我把脸颊贴在窗玻璃上,带着享受的渴望往车窗外望去,秋天的大自然展开一片辉煌灿烂的景象。阳光像钢琴明亮的音色洒在这收割过的田野上,整个大地像生过婴儿的母亲,幸福地舒展在开阔的晴空下,从麦茬里裸露出的浓厚的红褐色是大地母亲健壮的肤色;所有树林都在此刻自在自如地伸展它优美的枝条;所有金色的叶子都是它的果实,一任秋风翻动,煌煌夸耀着秋天的富有。真正的富有感,是属于创造者的;真正的创造者,才有这种潇洒而悠然的风度。

接下去的温情和弦,带来一片疏淡的田园风景。秋天消解了大地的绿,用它中性的调子,把一切色泽调匀。和谐又高贵,平稳又舒畅,只有收获过了的秋天才能这样静谧安详。几座闪闪发光的麦秸垛,一缕银蓝色半透明的炊烟,这儿一棵那儿一棵怡然自得站在平原上的树,这儿一只那儿一只慢吞吞吃草的杂色的牛……近景从眼前疾掠而过,远景跟着我缓缓向前,大地像唱片慢慢旋转,耳朵里不绝地响着这曲人间牧歌。

一株垂死的老树一点点走进这巨大唱片的中间来。它的根像唱针,在大自然深处划出一支忧伤的曲调。心中的光线和风景的光线一同转暗,即使一湾河水强烈的反光,也清冷,也刺目,也凄凉。一切阴影都化为行将垂暮秋天的愁绪;萧疏的万物失去往日共荣的激情,各自挽着生命的孤单;篱笆后一朵迟开的小葵花,像你告别时在人群中的最后一次招手,跟着被轰隆隆前奔的列车甩到后边……一种浓重的忧伤混同音乐漫无边际地散开,渲染着满目风光。我忽然想喊,想叫这列车停住,倒回去!

突然,一条大道纵向冲出去,黄昏中它闪闪发光.如同一支号角嘹亮吹响,声音唤来一大片拔地而起的森林,像一支金灿灿的铜管乐队,奏着庄严的乐曲走进视野。来不及分清这是音乐还是画面变换的缘故,心境陡然一变,刚刚的忧愁一扫而光。当浓林深处一棵棵依然葱绿的幼树晃过,我忽然醒悟,秋天的凋谢全是假象!

它不过在寒飙来临之前把生命掩藏起来,把绿意埋在地下,在冬日的雪被下积蓄与浓缩,等待下一个春天里,再一次加倍地挥洒与铺张!远远山坡上,坟茔,在夕照里像一堆火,神奇又神秘,它那里是埋葬的一具尸体或一个孤魂?既然每个生命都在创造,另一个生命离去,什么叫做死亡?死亡,不仅仅是一种生命的转换,旋律的变化,画面的更迭吗?那么世间还有什么比死亡更庄严、更神圣、更迷人!为了再生而奉献自己的伟大的死亡啊……

秋天的音乐已如圣殿的声音,这壮美崇高的轰响,把我全部身心都裹住、都净化了。我惊奇地感觉自己像玻璃一样透明。                                                         (有删改)

小题1:本文描写了秋景的哪些特点?(4分)

                                                                                   

                                                                                   

小题2:分析划线的句子在文中的作用。(5分)

                                                                                   

                                                                                   

小题3:作者为什么说“惊奇地感觉自己像玻璃一样透明”?结合全文,谈谈你的看法。(6分)

                                                                                   

                                                                                   

答案

小题1:①辉煌灿烂 ②静谧安详 ③萧疏凄凉 ④壮美崇高(4分,每点1分)

小题1:①渲染秋天里生命的美好和庄严;②和凋谢秋天的景色形成对比;③为下文对生命和死亡的讴歌作铺垫。(一点2分,两点4分,三点5分)

小题1:(1)从形式上看,这句话照应开头“它使你一下子看到了久藏心底那些朦胧模糊或被时间湮没了的感受”,使得文章首尾呼应;(2分)

(2)从内容上看,这句话表现了作者在聆听“秋天的音乐”即饱览秋天美妙景色的过程中,体会到丰富而深刻的人生哲理,如富有和博大(或“潇洒悠然”)属于真正的创造者;只有收获过的人生,才能拥有生命的静谧和安祥;生命的流逝充满了悲哀和忧伤,尤其是深刻地揭示了死亡是生命庄严的再生与转换,这些美妙的感悟使作者的内心得到慰藉和净化,所以作者觉得自己有如玻璃般地透明。(4分)

小题1:略

单项选择题
阅读理解

Skeptics are a strange lot. Some of them refuse to admit the serious threat of human activities to the environment, and they are tired of people who disagree with them. Those people, say skeptics, spread nothing but bad news about the environment. The “eco-guilt” brought on by the discouraging news about our planet gives rise to the popularity of skeptics as people search for more comforting worldviews.

Perhaps that explain why a new book by Bjorn Lomborg received so much publicity. That book, The Skeptical Environmentalist, declares that it measures the “real state of the world” as fine. Of course, another explanation is the deep pockets some big businesses with special interests. Indeed, Mr. Lomborg’s views are similar to those of some Industry-funded organizations, which start huge activities though the media to confuse the public about issues like global warming.

So it was strange to see Mr. Lomborg’s book go largely unchallenged in the media though his beliefs were contrary to most scientific opinions. One national newspaper in Canada ran a number of articles and reviews full of words of praise, even with the conclusion that “After Lomborg, the environmental movement will begin to die down.”

Such one-sided views should have immediately been challenged. But only a different review appeared in Nature, a respected science magazine with specific readership. The review remarked that Mr. Lomborg’s “preference for unexamined materials is incredible (不可信的)”。

A critical (批判的) eye is valuable, and the media should present information in such a way that could allow people to make informed decisions. Unfortunately, that is often inaccessible as blocked by the desire to be shocking or to defend some special interests. People might become half-blind before a world partially exhibited by the media. That’s a shame, because matters concerning the health of the planet are far too important to be treated lightly.

小题1: According to the passage, which of the following may be regarded as “skeptics”?

A.People who agree on the popularity of “eco-guilt”.

B.People who disbelieve the serious situation of our planet.

C.People who dislike the harmful effect of human activities.

D.People who spread comforting news to protect our environment.小题2:Which of the following can be a reason for the popularity of Lomborg’s books?

A.Some big businesses intend to protect their own interests.

B.The book challenges views about the fine state of the world.

C.The author convinces people to seek comforting worldviews.

D.Industry–funded media present confusing information.小题3:The author mentioned the review in Nature in order to_____.

A.voice a different opinion

B.find fault with Lomborg’s book

C.challenge the authority of the media

D.point out the value of scientific views.小题4:What is the author’s main purpose in writing the passage?

A.To encourage the skeptics to have a critical eye.

B.To warn the public of the danger of half–blindness with reviews.

C.To blame the media’s lack of responsibility in presenting information.

D.To show the importance of presenting overall information by the media.