问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下文,完成下列各题。

从人类文明发展史角度看,人类经历了蒙昧、野蛮而逐步走向文明,从渔猎文明发展到农业文明再发展到现在的工业文明,每一次文明更替都是一次社会革命,都促进了社会经济的大发展、大进步。工业文明虽取得很大成就,但因其固有问题的严重化,已经开始走向衰退。

当前一种新的文明,作为工业文明的替代力量正在兴起,这种新文明即为生态文明。人类社会也将从工业社会转向生态社会,从工业化发展模式转向生态化发展模式。在这一转型过程中,“生态城市”应运而生。

“生态城市”是在联合国教科文组织发起的“人与生物圈”计划研究过程中提出的一个概念。它是城市生态化发展的结果,体现了一种广义的生态观。简单地说它是社会和谐、经济高效、生态良性循环的人类住区形式,它将自然、城市和人溶为有机整体,形成互惠共生结构。

从生态哲学角度看,生态城市实质是实现人与自然的和谐,这是生态城市价值取向所在,只有人的社会关系和文化意识达到一定水平才能实现。从生态经济学角度看,生态城市的经济增长方式是“集约内涵式”的,采用有利于保护自然价值,又有利于创造社会文化价值的“生态技术”,建立生态化产业体系,实现物质生产和社会生活的“生态化”。从生态社会学角度看,生态城市的教育、科技、文化、道德、法律、制度等都将“生态化”,倡导生态价值观、生态伦理,营造公正、平等、安全、舒适的社会环境。从城市生态学角度看,生态城市的社会—经济—自然复合生态系统结构合理、功能稳定,达到动态平衡状态。从不同角度来看生态城市,它会有不同的“面目”,即从不同侧面反映了生态城市的内涵。以上几方面实际上也不是独立的,而是相互联系、交叉的。

总之,生态城市包含以下几方面内容:自然生态化、经济生态化、社会生态化和社会—经济—自然复合生态化。自然生态化是基础,经济生态化是条件,复合生态化是前提,社会生态化才是最终目的。

小题1:从原文看,下列对“生态城市”这一概念理解不正确的一项是

A.“生态城市”体现了一种广义的生态观,它将自然、城市和人溶为有机整体,形成互惠共生结构。

B.“生态城市”倡导的生态观、价值观与伦理观,为人们营造了公正、平等、安全、舒适的社会环境。

C.“生态城市”体现了一种新兴的生态文明,它从工业化发展模式转向生态化发展模式。

D.“生态城市”是城市生态化发展的结果,是社会和谐、经济高效、生态良性循环的人类住区形式。小题2:下列各项对文意理解正确的一项是

A.工业文明虽取得很大成就,但因其固有问题的严重化,已经开始走向衰退,生态文明代之而起,人类社会已经从工业文明转向了生态文明。

B.只要人的社会关系和文化意识达到一定水平,人们有了正确的价值取向,生态城市就一定能够实现人与自然的和谐。

C.生态城市的经济增长方式是“集约内涵式”的,既要有利于保护自然价值,又要有利于创造社会文化价值,实现物质生产和社会生活的“生态化”。

D.生态城市具有社会—经济—自然复合生态系统,它的结构合理、功能稳定,将达到动态平衡状态。小题3:根据原文提供的信息,下列推断不正确的一项是

A.生态城市具备了社会—经济—自然的复合生态化这一前提,就能实现工业化发展模式向生态化发展模式的成功转型。

B.生态城市的教育、科技、文化、道德、法律、制度等实现“生态化”后,人们将会具有自觉的生态意识,社会将建立完善自觉保护环境、促进人类自身发展的机制。

C.在生态城市的经济发展过程中,将采用有利于保护自然价值,又有利于创造社会文化价值的“生态技术”,大力发展太阳能、水电、风能等绿色能源,不可再生的自然资源将得到有效保护。

D.随着社会和科技的发展,“生态城市”的内涵从社会、经济、自然等角度不断得到充实和完善,向着更加全面的方向发展。

答案

小题1:B

小题1:D

小题1:A

小题1:(“生态观、价值观与伦理观”应为“生态价值观、生态伦理”)

小题1:(A把将然当作已然,“将转向生态文明”,而不是“已经转向生态文明”;B绝对化错误。C缺漏信息,应为“采用有利于保护自然价值,又有利于创造社会文化价值的生态技术”)

小题1:(片面性错误,还需要“自然生态化”“经济生态化”和“社会生态化”)

阅读理解

Many strong and out-of-control emotions are recognized as an illness. People who are always very sad have depression (抑郁症); those who worry a lot have anxiety.

But what about anger problems? Anger is largely viewed as a secondary emotion – one caused by other emotions. People are thought to be angry because they are sad, anxious or stressed. In the past, many doctors didn’t accept the idea that anger could be a problem all on its own.

Today, though, a growing number of mental health experts think that anger is a serious problem that needs its own treatment.

How to tell the difference between “normal” anger and “anger problem” is difficult. After all, everyone gets really mad from time to time. Experts point out a few ways.

Disordered anger, as it is sometimes called, tends to be of greater intensity (强度). It takes very little to set off a person with an anger problem, and their responses (反应) are very strong. An example: While most people would get upset if a driver cut them off, someone with disordered anger might try to chase down the car and force it off the road.

And in cases of disordered anger, the person gets angry more frequently and his/her anger lasts longer. For most people, angry feelings disappear quickly. But people with anger problems often stay angry for days, weeks or even years; their feelings of anger don’t disappear over time.

Consequences are also important to consider: Disordered anger often damages people’s lives. “It interferes (干扰) with people’s relationships and their jobs,” says Raymond Chip Tafrate, a US psychologist. “Even their health is affected.”

Anger clearly increases the risk of certain health problems, as many studies have shown. “When a person is angry, their heart beats faster and their blood pressure goes up,” says Howard Kassinove, a professor at Hofstra University in New York. Over time, these changes take their toll on the body, he adds.

Experts suggest that people with an anger problem take anger-management programs. The programs teach people to control their responses to stressful situations through the use of relaxation techniques. The programs sometimes include life-skills training as well: increasing someone’s level of competence (竞争)– whether on the job or as a parent or partner – helps bring down stress and cut angry feelings.

小题1:A person who _________ most possibly has disordered anger in the experts’ opinion?

A.can’t get out of anger quickly

B.is dissatisfied with relationships

C.has high blood pressure

D.is worried about his job小题2:What does the underlined word Consequences mean?

A.Responses.

B.Effects.

C.Reasons.

D.Feelings小题3:Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A.Anger is an secondary emotion that makes people sad and stressed.

B.Anger was recognized as an illness by most doctors in the past.

C.A person with an anger problem gets angry more often and easily.

D.The use of relaxation techniques is the best way to manage anger.小题4: What is the best title of the passage?

A.Can anger be an illness?

B.Is it disordered anger?

C.Can anger influence our life?

D.Is anger management important?

单项选择题