问题 单项选择题

全球现有活火山600多座,其活动程度可分为喷溢、喷发、爆发3个等级。火山爆发是极强烈的火山活动,范围更大的火山爆发则会给地球环境及生物造成大灾害。

火山爆发除了直接灾害外,还可能引起区域性、全球性气候异常,带来其他自然灾害。1991年我国华东地区出现了百年不遇的特大洪水,专家们分析后认为:菲律宾皮纳图博火山大爆发引起了亚洲广大地区天气异常,这可能是洪水爆发的主要原因之一。另据美国地质学家兰皮诺和考古学家安布罗斯考证,现印尼苏门答腊岛上的多巴火山,在7.1万年前曾有过一次极其强烈的爆发。那次火山爆发向大气层喷出了800立方千米的火山灰,使北半球1/3地区持续几个星期笼罩在黑暗之中;然后是长达6年的冬季效应,北半球可能是 3/4的植物死亡;再后是长达千年的冰期,5万到7万年前的人口以及物种遗传变化的急剧减少,有可能是多巴火山大爆发造成的,不过,专家们又认为:像多巴火山这样强烈的爆发事件,在21世纪发生的可能性只有1/10000000,故此我们毋须过多担忧。

1999年4月,美国《科学》杂志报道,加利福尼亚大学伯克利分校的伦尼等研究人员,通过对美国新泽西州到西非的环大西洋火山岩的研究,提出了“火山爆发形成大西洋”的假说。他们认为:两亿年前,地球上曾发生过一次迄今为止最强烈的火山爆发,从而使位于现在大西洋位置的原始大陆(古代大陆)分裂为几个大洲,并形成大西洋。他们估计:这次火山爆发产生了巨大的熔岩流,其覆盖面积达700万平方千米,持续时间长达几百万年。这次火山爆发时间正好与三叠纪和侏罗纪的衔接相吻合,大约50%的海洋物种和一些爬行动物都遭到灭顶之灾,从而为后来恐龙的出现和兴盛创造了条件。不过,这一假说尚未得到证实。

下列标题中适合做本文标题的一项是()。

A.火山爆发的现象

B.火山爆发对地球的影响

C.火山爆发与气候变化

D.火山爆发与地球假说

答案

参考答案:B

选择题
完形填空

根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

To extinguish (熄灭) different kinds of fires, several types of fire extinguishers have been invented.__71__ Most portable (手提式的) kinds operate for less than a minute, so they are useful only on small fires. The law requires ships, trains, buses and planes to carry extinguishers.

Since fuel, oxygen (氧气) and heat must be present in order for fire to exist, one or more of these things must be removed or reduced to extinguish a fire.__72__ The cooling method is the most common way to put out a fire.Water is the best cooling material because it is low in cost and easy to get.

__73__ This is usually done by covering the fire with sand, steam or some other things. A blanket may be used do cover a small fire.

A third method is called separation.__74__

The method that is used to put out a fire depends upon the type of fire. Fires have been grouped in three classes.__75__ These materials usually help keep the fire on. Such fires can be stopped most readily by cooling with water.

A.Fire extinguishers should be available everywhere in our life.

B.They must be ready for immediate use when fire breaks out.

C.Where a fire breaks out, there will surely be unavoidable damage.

D.Fires in wood, paper, cloth and the like are called Class A fires.E.Another method of extinguishing fire is by cutting off the oxygen.

F.If the heat is reduced by cooling the material below a certain temperature, the fire goes out.

G.It includes removing the fuel, or material easy to burn, from a fire, so that it can find no fuel.