问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文字,完成下列各题(22分)

秋日笔记

尚建荣

①打开窗户,我看见一只金铃子静静地伏在一盆花的叶片上。要不是它轻动触角,我几乎就辨认不出它的青绿色的、与花叶颜色极其相似的身子。我向前靠了靠,眼睛一眨不眨地盯着金铃子。

②一缕阳光从对面的楼角斜剪过来搭上窗台。它一动也不动,头朝下静静地伏在叶片上。此刻,我看清了它细长的折叠起来的后腿有多健美——自关节折叠处始至腹部,它的圆润的腿骨就像一件用翡翠雕刻而成的品位极高的艺术品——在阳光的映射下,隐约可看到那透明的淡绿中一丝丝的血肉。大自然,才是一个被我们常常给忽视了的杰出的艺术家呀!

③三个小时后,我去看它,它正把两条后腿开始缓缓地向后伸直,伸直,就像 一个走累了的人躺在草地上舒展腰身。伸到极限,它又缓缓地蜷拢,蜷拢。如此伸缩了几个来回,它便把后腿的右足缓缓地搭上嘴巴轻轻地摩擦。

④我突然想起秋天的寒意在一点点加重。也许,这是一只快要冻僵了的金铃子。它缓慢地蹬腿,摩嘴,是在疏通经络以抵御这一丝严寒吧。此前,我真不知道这只金铃子曾栖在谁家的阳台或哪一片草丛,更不知道它是如何飞过林立的高楼降落到我家窗台的。

⑤不由想起《豳风•七月》中的诗句:七月在野,八月在宇,九月在户,十月蟋蟀入我床下。两千多年前,一群受不了寒寂之苦的蟋蟀离开野地迁往农家屋檐,又一步步移到屋内,最后,钻入主人的床下去躲避风寒。今天,这只金铃子说不定就是夹杂在当年这支撤退大军中的金铃子后代。也许,它同样是受不了外面的风寒才想钻进我的室内或躲到床下去的吧。

⑥就这样,这只拿后足摩擦了一会儿嘴巴的金铃子可能感到了一丝暖意,它把后腿缓缓地放回到了花叶的原处,之后用带着锯齿的中足小腿翻转过去,来来回回地 摩擦后腿的根部和腰身。就这样,约摸过了半个小时,它停下来一动不动了。看来,这是一只快冻僵了的金铃子。

⑦那缕阳光从我家的窗台移向另一片楼群,我开始担心仍然一动不动的金铃子是不是真给冻坏了。我轻轻地吹了口气,忽的一下,它竟然从一片花叶跳向另一片花叶。我伸出手指想捉住它,好让它冻僵了的身子在我生有火炉的房间度过一夜。可我伸出的手指还未向它靠近,它便纵身一跃从五楼的窗台上义无反顾地跳下去消失得无影无踪了。

⑧蓦然间,我心头涌上一股莫名的滋味。以地球主宰者自居的人与卑弱微小的金铃子是多么惊人的相似啊——伸腿,摩嘴,搓身,这只在秋天快在冻僵的金铃子当找不到同伴时,它的内心会有多寂寞伤感呢?抓住一片花叶,就可能抓住一 丝来自对方的温暖和希望,这是一片花叶所给予这只快冻僵了的金铃子的启示。而作为万物灵长的我们,所能给予这只金铃子的又是什么呢?面对秋寒的逼近,这只不曾发出一声哀叹的金铃子,让我秋日里的生活从此黯然失色。

⑨夜色流水一样缓缓地弥漫开来,“唧——唧——”偶尔飘来的一两声秋虫鸣叫,无意间给这个秋天的黄昏涂抹了几许淡寞和虚无。我知道:在这由无数钢筋水泥和玻璃构建的密不透风的城市,无论这只金铃子和它的伙伴是如何迅疾,都是不可能像两千多年前的那群蟋蟀一样轻易地登堂入室了——仅仅薄薄的一层玻璃,它们便被永远地隔离在一个遥远的世界。 

⑩满城灯火次第亮起,今夜,这只金铃子它将在这个城市谁家的屋檐下栖息?明天,它又将撤向哪里?

小题1:文章第二段描写金铃子的情状,请分析它的表达特色。(5分)

小题2:文章引用了《豳风•七月》中的诗句,这样写有什么作用?(6分)

小题3:阅读文中画线的句子,请简要分析其思想内涵。(5分)

小题4:文章多次直接描写金铃子,请结合金铃子的象征意义探讨作者这样写的意图。(6分)

答案

小题1:抓住了金铃子最具特色的身体部位(后腿);静态描写(或:细节描写);运用比喻的修辞手法;写出了作者对金铃子的喜爱之情;对大自然的赞美之情;语言优美,极富感染力。(答到五点即给5分)

小题2:①诗中的蟋蟀在寒寂之时还有避难之所,这与上文的金铃子的境遇构成对比;②引发下文作者对金铃子命运的思考;③丰富了文章的文化内涵(或:增添了文采),令人深思。(一点2分,意思对即可)

小题3:①对弱者的同情;②对弱者的顽强抗争的敬佩;③对弱者逃离别人帮助的伤感;④文明的进程不能以牺牲弱者为代价。(一点2分)

小题4:①文中的金铃子其实就是弱者的化身,他们是美丽的(或:有着美好的心灵);②他们面对苦难不寄希望于别人的帮助,而是自我拯救,他们是善良的;③在文明的进程中已经没有了他们的位置,他们唯一能做的就是逃离;④作者强烈期盼人与人要和谐相处;⑤表达作者的忧患意识。(一点2分,答到三点意思对即给6分)

选择题
阅读理解

 Why Doesn’t Anybody Copy Apple?

Apple’s products are the envy of the world. They have been spectacularly successful and are widely imitated, if not copied. The minute Apple crystallizes a product, everyone knows how to compete. This idea that the basis of competition is set by Apple and then the race is on to climb the path of improvement is unquestionable. When Apple releases a product that defines a category or dramatically changes the structure of an industry, it becomes obvious what needs to be built. But what I wonder is why everyone wants to copy Apple’s products but nobody wants to copy being Apple?

I can think of two reasons. Firstly, Apple is not worth copying because it’s not successful; secondly, Apple’s success cannot be copied because it is a magical process.

There is a great deal of evidence for the first hypothesis. The idea of Apple being successful is not something reflected in its stock price. Being valued lower than the average company in the S&P(标准普尔)500 indicates that to whatever degree Apple was successful in the past, it’s not seen by the vast majority of observers as successful in the future. Why should one bother copying Apple if it results in being punished with a low valuation? If one works really hard at innovation and then that innovation becomes commoditized(商品化)very quickly, why should one bother?

When innovation practitioners are asked what makes Apple successful,the answers regarding the cause of this success border on the mythical.The climax of this hypothesis is the “chief-sorcerer”theory of success which places one magician,like Steve Jobs,in charge of casting all the right spells(符咒)

What about Apple’s own opinion of what makes it tick? Tim Cook refers to a great team and integration of hardware, software and services as unique Apple advantages. It’s a better explanation. Integration is something that can take a long time, but it is possible with great effort. A few companies are starting to make moves in that direction, but efforts are half-hearted. There is no “move the Earth” panic to become an integrated company from Samsung, Google or Microsoft.

My own suspicion is that Apple is more aware of what makes it special than it lets out. However, as Tim points out, it’s not a formula. It’s complex, it’s subtle, but it’s not magic. It’s a process that requires a degree of faith and courage.

小题1:When a new product of Apple comes out, often it ______.

A.starts a revolution of an industry

B.ruins an industry dramatically

C.puts itself in an unbeatable position

D.is soon overtaken by imitated products小题2:According to the passage, other companies don’t “copy being Apple” because ______.

A.Apple is not a successful company

B.they have no access to relevant resources

C.it’s hard to find a magician like Steve Jobs

D.being Apple takes more than time and efforts小题3:We can infer from Para.5 that ______.

A.other companies are dedicated to integration

B.Apple itself is fully aware of its unique advantages

C.Apple will hold the leading position in this industry

D.other companies don’t have a great team as Apple does小题4:What does the author think of Tim Cook’s statement?

A.Doubtful

B.Acceptable

C.Unbelievable

D.Disappointing