问题 选择题

马克思主义在中国的发展,就是马克思主义中国化的过程。马克思主义要中国化是因为

A.马克思主义哲学是无产阶级的科学的世界观和方法论

B.对西方文化要有选择地吸收和利用,不能全盘照搬

C.马克思主义产生于欧洲,不适应中国社会发展实际

D.马克思主义是实践的科学,要随实践的发展而发展

答案

 D

 马克思主义中国化,就是马克思主义随着实践的变化而变化,A不体现这一主题。马克思主义中国化就是如何结合中国实际“发展”马克思主义,而不是如何“对待”西方文化的问题,并且不能把马克思主义看成“西方文化”,“西方文化”是特指资本主义性质的文化,而马克思主义是无产阶级的文化,B错误。马克思主义是具有普遍性的科学理论,其基本原理可以与中国具体实际相结合,在中国得到发展,C说法错误。

阅读理解与欣赏

现代文阅读理解。(11分)

一床小花被

六岁时,她被母亲过继到伯父伯母家。伯父当年闯关东,与伯母结婚多年,一直没有孩子。而她的生身父亲早已去世,母亲拉扯着4个孩子不容易,思来想去,就把体质最弱的她,送出去了。

在伯父伯母家,她过上了好日子,饭能吃饱,有新衣穿,长大后,她的伯母,也就是养母,坚持供她读到中专毕业。他们视她为己出。她也尽量做了一个好女儿:乖巧、听话,家务活抢着做。

即使这样,她还是常常想起自己的母亲:母亲的轻言细语,母亲在深夜里为她掖好被子,母亲粗糙的手轻轻抚过她的头……十二岁那年,她随养父母回山东过年。在老家温暖的大炕上,养母微笑着给她介绍,这是大姑,二姑,这是三婶,二婶……她随着养母的指点,懂事地叫着她们,每个人都看着她,愉快地回应。

最后,养母指向一个女人,问,认识她吗?

她想都没想,答,不认识。掉头跑开,到院子里,和一群年龄相仿的孩子疯玩起来。

她永远记得,那个女人的笑在瞬间僵硬,眼里涌出湿湿的东西,却努力压抑着,不让它掉下来。那个女人是她的母亲,怀里抱着一床小花被。后来得知,那床小花被,是母亲省吃俭用积攒了数月的钱,买来棉花棉布,一针一线为她缝制的。而她在踏进屋里的第一步,就在众多面孔中,一眼认出母亲。小小的她,说不清当时为什么要那样回答,许是怨恨,许是怕养母不高兴吧。

老家之行,她的表现让养母很满意,母亲做的小花被,养母慷慨地送给了她。夜晚,盖着松软的小花被,她把头蒙进被里,拼命嗅着,仿佛能闻到一种味道,那是母亲的手,轻轻抚过被子的味道。

养母爱她,但脾气不怎么好,遇到不顺心的事会拿她出气,打骂也是常有的事。受了委屈,她不像别的孩子那样顶嘴,或者大哭大闹,只默默地自己担着。晚上,钻进被窝,小花被的温暖覆盖着她,她的眼泪,一滴一滴渗进被子里。

小花被一直陪伴着她。上了中专,要住校,养母为她准备了一床更新的被子,她表示还要带着小花被。然后她看到养母的脸上有了不悦。那天她去同学家玩,回来后发现小花被不见了,问养母,养母总是顾左右而言他。她便不再问了。小花被从此失踪,她的心里,很是失落了一阵子。

  她的大半生在东北度过。为养父母养老送终后,她已经60多岁。而后又随着儿女,回到山东老家。

此时,她的生母已经80多岁,身体还不错,眼不花耳不聋。母女俩再度相聚,手拉着手,有说不完的话。此时,历经磨难的她早已谅解了母亲。她给母亲讲自己的成长,讲种种见闻与经历,也讲到了那床小花被。

老母亲用干枯的手抹着眼泪,说,闺女,娘还能为你再做一床小花被。第二天,母女俩手牵手,去了市场,买来新棉花和小花布。把花布洗净后,在阳光下晾干,然后娘俩坐在洁净的地板上,一针一线缝起小花被。

如今,她夜夜盖着小花被,闻着,嗅着,不时用手摩挲一下,幸福得就像一个孩子。

她是我的母亲。有时候我问,要不要换床被子。因为单位里发了很多太空被,又轻又软,柜子里有些放不下了。她摇头,急忙声明,我就喜欢这床小花被。

我笑了,任由她拥着她的小花被。人在什么时候都需要母亲。夜晚,她的房间里传来均匀的呼吸,我想,花被之下,一定会有一个安稳的梦吧。

小题1:阅读全文,用简洁的语言概括故事的内容。(2分)                                              

小题2:阅读画线句,思考:为什么她的回答会引起那个女人的笑在瞬间僵硬?试揣摩“那女人”当时的心理活动。(3分)                                                       

小题3:标题“一床小花被”中的小花被在文中起什么作用?(4分)

                                                            

小题4:文中的她一直盖着母亲做的小花被,不愿换其他被子,这表达了她怎样的情感?(2分)

                                                                   

阅读理解

Surprisingly, no one knows how many children receive education in English hospitals, still less the content or quality of that education. Proper records are just not kept. We know that more than 850,000 children go through hospital each year, and that every child of school age has a legal right to continue to receive education while in hospital. We also know there is only one hospital teacher to every 1,000 children in hospital.

Little wonder the latest survey concludes that the extent and type of hospital teaching available differ a great deal across the country. It is found that half the hospitals in England which admit children have no teacher. A further quarter have only a part-time teacher. The special children’s hospitals in major cities do best; general hospitals in the country and holiday areas are worst off. From this survey, one can estimate that fewer than one in five children have some contact with a hospital teacher—and that contact may be as little as two hours a day. Most children interviewed were surprised to find a teacher in hospital at all. They had not been prepared for it by parents or their own school. If there was a teacher they were much more likely to read books and do math or number work; without a teacher they would only play games.

Reasons for hospital teaching range from preventing a child falling behind and maintaining the habit of school to keeping a child occupied, and the latter is often all the teacher can do. The position and influence of many teachers was summed up when parents referred to them as “the library lady” or just “the helper”. Children tend to rely on concerned school friends to keep in touch with school work. Several parents spoke of requests for work being ignored or refused by the school. Once back at school children rarely get extra teaching, and are told to catch up as best they can.

Many short-stay child-patients catch up quickly. But schools do very little to ease the anxiety about falling behind expressed by many of the children interviewed.

小题1:Which of the following statements is true?

A.Every child in hospital receives some teaching.

B.Not enough is known about hospital teaching.

C.Hospital teaching is of poor quality.

D.The special children's hospitals are worst off.小题2:It can be inferred from the latest survey that________.

A.hospital teaching across the country is similar

B.each hospital has at least one part-time teacher

C.all hospitals surveyed offer education to children

D.only one-fourth of the hospital have full-time teacher小题3:The hospital teachers are found________.

A.not welcomed by the children and their parents

B.unnecessary

C.not quite helpful

D.capable小题4:In order to catch up with their school work, children in hospital usually turn to________.

A.hospital teachers

B.schoolmates

C.parents

D.school teachers小题5:We can conclude from the passage that the author is________.

A.unfavorable towards children receiving education in hospitals

B.in favor of the present state of teaching in hospitals

C.unsatisfied with the present state of hospital teaching

D.satisfied with the results of the latest survey