问题 综合题

(14分)阅读下列材料,回答问题。

材料一 丞相者,朕之股肱,所与共承庙宇,统理海内,辅朕之不逮,以治天下也。

──《汉书·孔光传》

材料二以天下之广,四海之众,千端万绪,须合变通,皆委百司商量,宰相筹划,于事稳便,方可奏行。岂得以一日万机,独断一人之虑也。且日断十事,五条不中,中者信善,其如不中者何?以日继月,乃至累年,乖谬既多,不亡何待!

——摘自《贞观政要·政体》

材料三 今我朝罢丞相,设五府(五军都督府)、六部、都察院、通政司、大理寺等衙门,分理天下庶务,彼此颉颃,不敢相压,事皆朝廷总之,所以稳当。以后子孙做皇帝时,并不许立丞相,臣下敢有奏请设立者,文武群臣即时劾奏,将犯人凌迟,全家处死。

──明太祖:《皇明祖训·祖训首章》

(1)根据材料一、二,概括丞相的主要作用;据所学知识说明唐太宗对丞相制做了怎样的改革。(6分)

(2)根据材料三,概括明朝政治制度的主要特征。(4分)

(3)根据以上材料,概括我国古代政治制度改革的发展趋势。(4分)

答案

(1)丞相辅佐皇帝处理全国政务,率领百官筹划全国政务,减少皇帝的决策失误等。(4分)唐太宗增加宰相数量,分散相权。(2分)

(2)主要特征:废除丞相,设五府六部等分理全国军政行政等国事;各部门互相监督和牵制,加强皇权。(4分)

(3)趋势:相权不断削弱,君权不断加强。(4分)

题目分析:本题主要考查古代君权与相权变化趋势。

(1)丞相的作用要联系材料和所学知识来回答。秦始皇时期设立丞相主要是辅佐皇帝处理政事,丞相是百官之首,重要军政大事有丞相、御史大夫和诸卿共同朝议,以减少皇帝的决策失误。材料一中“统理海内,辅朕之不逮”,材料二中“皆委百司商量,宰相筹划”来概括丞相的职责。第二小问概括唐朝对丞相的改革结合所学知识从分散相权,加强皇权角度来回答即可。

(2)概括明朝政治制度的主要特征,要结合材料。材料中“今我朝罢丞相”可以判断是明朝废除丞相制度,”“设五府(五军都督府)、六部、都察院、通政司、大理寺等衙门”等说明设立五府六部等分理全国军政行政等国事,以此来加强皇权。

(3)概括我国古代政治制度改革的发展趋势,首先要结合材料,材料一二三讲述的是古代君权和相权的演进趋势,古代君主通过各种方式去削弱相劝以加强皇权,从而概括出答案,即君权不断加强,相劝不断得到削弱。

完形填空
完形填空。
    There were no classes that afternoon, so Henry went to a    1   shop near his home. The shop sold
many jackets. He looked    2   them and at last chose a very nice one. He    3   it on and then told the
shopkeeper to put it into a    4  . At that time his friend Bruce came into the shop. They hadn't seen each
other for a long time. They were so    5   to meet again that they forgot    6   else. Soon they were busy
talking on and on happily.
    It was nearly six o'clock,    7   they decided to go and have dinner together. Henry picked up the bag,
and walked    8   the door of the shop. The shopkeeper stopped them and asked Henry to pay for the    9  .
Henry looked at him in surprise at first, but soon he remembered that he hadn't paid for it. He said   10 ,
gave him the money and then left the shop with his friend.
( ) 1. A. fruit      
(     ) 2. A. up         
(     ) 3. A. put        
(     ) 4. A. bag        
(     ) 5. A. worried         
(     ) 6. A. nobody     
(     ) 7. A. though     
(     ) 8. A. towards    
(     ) 9. A. dinner     
(     ) 10. A. goodbye   
B. book         
B. for          
B. tried        
B. cup         
B. interested        
B. anybody       
B. so           
B. through       
B. bag          
B. yes         
C. food            
C. after        
C. got           
C. car        
C. pleased        
C. something         
C. because    
C. out of           
C. jacket       
C. hello     
D. clothing        
D. at           
D. turned        
D. pocket   
D. anxious       
D. everything                            
D. but          
D. round           
D. ticket        
D. sorry     
选择题