One of the most famous scientists to study adaptations (适应能力) was Charles Darwin (达尔文). He was born in England in 1809. He wasn't the best student in his school, but when he was 16, his father sent him to a medical school. Charles liked spending time outdoors observing (观察) nature more than attending medical classes and dropped out(辍学) without graduating.

Next, Charles' father sent him to school to become a minister (牧师). This time he made it to graduation. But he didn't want to do the work of a minister. His friends encouraged him to follow his interest in science.

After graduation, Charles was invited to sail on the Beagle as an unpaid scientist. He wasn't the first choice, but he was the lucky one to go. The Beagle was to travel to South America and then around the world. The crew's task was to make maps of the places they visited.

On December 27th, 1831 Charles Darwin sailed from England on the Beagle. The trip was planned to last two years. In fact, it lasted five. During this time, he saw many amazing things. He collected lots of plants and animals and took them back to England to study.

Twenty-three years later, Darwin published a scientific paper with another man named Wallace. Darwin described how some animals have adaptations that help them survive. They are passed on to offspring (后代). Darwin’s ideas about adaptations are still very important to the study of living things.

小题1:Darwin was very interested in _____.

A．attending medical classes

B．the work of a minister

C．sailing around the world

D．science小题2:The Beagle was a(an) _____.

A．ship

B．plane

C．plant

D．animal小题3:When Darwin published the scientific paper, he was _____ years old.

A．twenty-three

B．twenty-two

C．forty-five

D．fifty小题4:The underlined word "they" in the last paragraph refers to (指的是) _____.

A．adaptations

B．Darwin and Wallace

C．animals

D．Darwin's ideas小题5:Which of the following is true?

A．Darwin graduated from a medical school.

B．Some animals have adaptations so that they can survive.

C．Darwin published a scientific paper by himself.

D．Darwin was first chosen to sail on the Beagle.

阅读下列史料并回答问题：
宋初承唐制，贡举虽广，而莫重于进士、制科，其次则三学选补。铨法虽多，而莫重于举削改官、磨勘转秩。考课虽密，而莫重于官给历纸，验考批书。其他教官、武举、童子等试，以及遗逸奏荐、贵戚公卿任子亲属与远州流外诸选，委曲琐细，成有品式。其间变更不常，沿革迭见，而三百余年元臣硕辅，鸿博之儒，清强之吏，皆自此出，得人为最盛焉。今辑旧史所录，胪为六门：一曰科目；二曰学校试；三曰铨法；四曰补荫；五曰保任；六曰考课。烦简适中，隐括归类，作《选举志》。
宋之科目，有进士，有诸科，有武举。常选之外，又有制科，有童子举，而进士得人为盛。神宗始罢诸科，而分经义、诗赋以取士，其后遵行，未之有改。自仁宗命郡县建学，而熙宁以来，其法浸备，学校之设遍天下，而海内文治彬彬矣。
——《宋书》卷156《选举志》
请回答：

简述宋代对于官员的管理制度。