问题 单项选择题

根据领导系统中各层级领导机关与领导者职责权限的集中与分散程度,可以将领导体制划分为( )。

A.集权制与分权制
B.完整制与分离制
C.层级制与职能制
D.首长制与委员会制

答案

参考答案:A

解析: 领导体制指独立的或相对独立的组织系统进行决策、指挥、监督等领导活动的具体制度或体系,它用严格的制度保证领导活动的完整性、一致性、稳定性和连贯性。
按同一层级的各单位接受上级机关的指挥、控制程度的不同,可以将领导体制划分为完整制与分离制。
按照职权的集中和分散程度,可以将领导体制划分为集权制与分权制。集权制是指一切重大问题的决策权集中在上级领导机关或上级领导者,下级机关或下级领导者没有或很少有自主权,它只能按照上级机关的决定和指示办事。分权制是指下级机关或下级领导者在自己管辖的范围内,有独立自主地决定问题的权力.上级对下级在法定权限内决定处理的事情不得进行干涉。本题答案选A。
按照最高决策者的人数,可以将领导体制划分为首长制和委员会制。
根据组织系统内部各机构的职责权限的性质与范围的不同,可以将领导体制划分为层级制与职能制。

单项选择题
填空题

Part 4


Questions 26-45


·Read the following passage and decide which answer bestfits each space.
·For questions 26-45, mark one letter A, B, C or D on the Answer Sheet.
The "standard of living" of any country means the (26) person’s share of the goods and services which the country produces. A country’s standard of living, therefore depends (27) and foremost on its capacity to produce wealth. "Wealth" in this (28) is not money, for we do not live on money (29) on things that money can buy: "goods" such as food and clothing, and "services" such as (30) and "entertainment".
A country’s capacity to produce wealth depends upon many factors, most of which have an effect (31) one another. Wealth depends (32) a great extent upon a country’s natural resources. Some regions of the world are well supplied with coal and minerals, and have a (33) soil and a favorable climate; other regions (34) none of them.
Next to natural resources (35) the ability to turn them to use. China is perhaps as well off as the USA in natural resources, but suffered for many years from (36) and external wars, and for this and other reasons was incapable (37) her resources. Sound and (38) political conditions, and freedom from foreign invasion, enable a country to develop its natural resources peacefully and steadily, and to produce more wealth than another country (39) well served by nature but less well ordered.
A country’s standard of living does not only depend upon the wealth that is produced and (40) within its own borders, but also upon what is indirectly produced through international trade. For example, Britain’s wealth in foodstuffs and other agricultural products would be much (41) if she had to depend only on those grown at home. Trade makes it possible for her surplus manufactured goods to be traded abroad for the agricultural products that would (42) be lacking. A country’s wealth is, therefore, much (43) by its manufacturing capacity, (44) that other countries can be found ready to (45) its manufactures.

A.upon

B.in

C.on

D.to