问题 单项选择题

钢结构构件采用焊接连接时,角焊缝的焊脚尺寸,下列哪一项不完全符合《钢结构设计规范》的规定().

A.角焊缝的焊脚尺寸hf应按《钢结构设计规范》第7.1.3条和7.1.4条的规定计算确定

B.当角焊缝的焊脚尺寸hf不由计算确定而由构造要求确定时,hf不得小于,t(mm)为较厚焊件厚度(当采用低氢型碱性焊条施焊时,t可采用较薄焊件的厚度)

C.角焊缝的焊脚尺寸hf不宜大于较薄焊件厚度的1.2倍(钢管结构除外),但板件(厚度为t)边缘的角焊缝最大焊脚尺寸尚应符合下列要求:

1)当t≤6mm时,hf≤t;

2)当t>6mm时,hf≤t-(1~2)mm;

3)圆孔或槽孔内的角焊缝焊脚尺寸尚不宜大于圆孔直径或槽孔短径的1/3

D.侧面角焊缝的计算长度不得小于8hf和40mm;侧面角焊缝的最大计算长度不受限制

答案

参考答案:D

解析:

角焊缝的两焊脚边的夹角为直角时,称为直角角焊缝,即一般所指的角焊缝(图10-18-1);角焊缝两焊脚边的夹角为锐角或钝角时,称为斜角角焊缝。

角焊缝按照它与外力方向的不同可分为侧面角焊缝(焊缝与外力方向平行)正面角焊缝(焊缝与外力方向垂直)、斜焊缝(焊缝与外力方向成斜交)以及由它们组合而成的围焊缝。

角焊缝的有效截面为焊缝的计算厚度he(喉部尺寸)与计算长度lw的乘积;而焊缝的计算厚度为焊缝横截面的内接等腰三角形的最短距离(不考虑熔深和凸度)(图10-18-1)。

关于角焊缝的最小焊脚尺寸要求,是基于如板件较厚而焊脚尺寸过小,在施焊时因焊缝冷却速度过快而会产生淬硬组织,易使焊缝附近的主体金属产生裂纹。所以规范要求最小焊脚尺寸

当采用低氯型焊条焊接时,由于这种焊条的焊缝焊渣层较厚,保温条件较好,所以容许焊缝的最小焊脚尺寸按较薄焊件厚度计算确定。

关于角焊缝的最大焊脚尺寸要求,是基于如果焊脚尺寸过大,易使主体金属形成过烧现象,并使构件产生较大的焊接残余变形和残余应力,所以规范规定应使hf≤1.2tmin

关于侧面角焊缝的最小计算长度要求,是基于侧面角焊缝计算长度过小而焊脚尺寸过大时,焊件局部加热严重,焊缝起落弧缺陷相距太近.加上可能有的其他缺陷(气孔、夹渣等),对焊缝强度的影响必然较为敏感,使焊缝可靠性降低。而且,侧面角焊缝多用于搭接连接,作用力对焊缝有偏心,焊缝计算长度过小,其影响更严重,所以规范规定侧面角焊缝的计算长度不得小于8hf和40mm。

关于侧面角焊缝的最大计算长度要求,是基于侧面角焊缝所要的剪应力,在弹性阶段沿长度分布很不均匀,两端大中间小,当两焊件的截面面积不相等时还存在应力集中现象。由于侧面角焊缝有良好的塑性,在荷载作用下,只要焊缝不是过长,其两端点达到屈服极限以后继续加载,应力会逐渐趋于平缓,直至全焊缝长度达到强度极限而破坏。但是,若焊缝长度很大,很有可能端部首先破坏,中间部位焊缝起不到应有的传力作用。因此规范规定,侧面角焊缝的最大计算长度不宜大于60hf。当大于60hf时,其超过部分在计算中不予考虑。若内力沿侧面角焊缝全长分布时,其计算长度不受限制。由此可知,本题的正确答案是选项D而不是A、B、C选项。

阅读理解
以下是某个英语杂志有关专家对一些读者反映问题的建议:
A.Feel Grateful!
You say you’re thankful, but then dismiss your mom’s investment as an “obligation”. By today’s economic standards, what she did is virtually miraculous. Tell your mom plainly, over and over again, how grateful you are. I’m sure the complaining will begin to fade.
B.Tame the beast!
When one boy discovers his inner caveman, he likes to initiate others into the tribe. Don’t over-worry. Boys will be boys. You and your husband should meet the boy’s parents down the street, suggesting a plan to either tame the wild beasts or limit their time together.
C.Good effort and goodwill makes it!
Maybe there was a reason why your buddy was out of work. He’s taking advantage of you and your employer. Remind him how to act on the job. He owes good effort and goodwill if he accepts the pay. Tell him to be quiet or get away.
D.Calm down!
   Fast vehicles and wild people---sounds like adolescent dreams to me. As some men age, they compensate with bigger, faster toys. But he’s putting you at risk and breaking the law. In a calm moment outside the car, tell him that he is scaring you. Suggest he join a car club, one that promotes safe driving.
 
E. Move your line away!
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F. Speak out and breathe easily together!
   You are rebuilding a relationship with new trust and affection. If there’s a bad odor left from the old day, you need to clear the air. Mention the problem, and say, “I’m sorry for my part in that argument.” I’ll bet she’ll say the same.
 
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56. Allan: My friend Jim was out of work and I helped him find a job in my company. But recently I have found he is very lazy and doesn’t do his work well. Besides, he often tells me that our employer is too bad.
57. Mary: Cathy and I were good friends. But two years ago she moved and left me because we had an argument. Now I hear she has come back to this town and lives about a mile away. I hope to visit this old friend, but I really don’t know what to do.
58. Mrs. Green: My eight-year-old son used to be obedient. But recently he’s become wild and crazy like a barbarian and doesn’t want to stay at home. My husband and I get worried. Now I find he likes to play with another boy who is also a barbarian.
59. Mike: I live with my mother, who works night and day so that she can support my schooling. I’m grateful but sometimes I get even more annoyed because she seems to be always unsatisfied with me and complains about my faults.
60. Eileen: My friend Jim is a helpful young man, and he has taken me downtown in his car several times. But every time he drove his car so crazily that I felt horrible. “I’ve got used to driving fast,” he says.
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