问题 单项选择题

(2007年)  马克思曾说:“社会不是以法律为基础,那是法学家的幻想。相反,法律应该以社会为基础。法律应该是社会共同的,由一定的物质生产方式所产生的利益需要的表现,而不是单个人的恣意横行。”根据这段话所表达的马克思主义法学原理,下列哪一选项是正确的?

A.强调法律以社会为基础,这是马克思主义法学与其他派别法学的根本区别

B.法律在本质上是社会共同体意志的体现

C.在任何社会,利益需要实际上都是法律内容的决定性因素

D.特定时空下的特定国家的法律都是由一定的社会物质生活条件所决定的

答案

参考答案:D

解析:马克思主义法律理论认为,法的本质最终体现为法的物质制约性。法的物质制约性是指法的内容受社会存在这个因素的制约,其最终也是由一定社会物质生活条件决定的。马克思主义法律理论分析社会的特点在于:认为法律是社会的组成部分,也是社会关系的反映;社会关系的核心是经济关系,经济关系的核心是生产关系;生产关系是由生产力决定的,而生产力则是不断发展变化的;生产力的不断发展最终导致包括法律在内的整个社会发展变化。这就提供了一个将法律置于物质的能动的社会发展过程中加以考察的唯物史观的分析框架。按照这种观点,立法者不是在创造法律,而只是在表述法律,是将社会生活中客观存在的包括生产关系、阶级关系、亲属关系等在内的各种社会关系以及相应的社会规范、社会需要上升为国家的法律,并运用国家权威予以保护。所以说在特定时空下的特定国家的法律都是由一定的社会物质生活条件所决定的。由此,答案D是正确的。

完形填空
完型填空。
    As darkness fell, hundreds of people in the Swiss village left their houses. They were looking   1   at the
mountain top in the distance. It was covered with   2  -beautiful and dangerous.   
    The huge mountain is called Matterhorn. Mountain climbers had   3   the top, using the southern route
(路线). But no one had ever dared to try a winter climb up the   4   side. But now one man was daring to try
the   5   route. He was Walter Bonatti, a great mountain climber from Italy.   
    For two days he had climbed. The village people had   6   him anxiously (焦急地). Now   7   were waiting
to see his signal (信号). If he planned to go on the next day, he would light a   8   signal. A red light would
mean that he was   9  .   
    A tiny green light  10  high on the mountain side. Bonatti was not giving up! The people  11 .   
    The next day he continued his way upward. He was so lonely and so  12 ! But he would not  13 . Again
that night he lit the green light.   
    In the morning, Bonatti  14 . He could not see the top, but he knew he was surely there. Though the climb
was  15 , he moved up. Bonatti had spent months  16  for the climb. Was the training enough? Did he have
the strength (力量) and skill to climb to the top?   
    He was finally at the  17 ! News about his  18  was radioed to the world.   
    The trip along the southern route was easy. He was warmly  19  in the village. He had done the " 20 ", and
would be well remembered as a climber of all time.
( )1. A. back       
( )2. A. flowers    
( )3. A. watched    
( )4. A. western    
( )5. A. difficult   
( )6. A. heard     
( )7. A. they        
( )8. A. red        
( )9. A. turning back 
( )10. A. fell       
( )11. A. cheered   
( )12. A. upset     
( )13. A. give up   
( )14. A. woke up    
( )15. A. grateful    
( )16 A. training    
( )17. A. home        
( )18. A. success    
( )19. A. persuaded  
( )20. A. necessary  
B. forward   
B. ice and snow   
B. passed      
B. northern   
B. different  
B. looked      
B. we         
B. green      
B. moving up  
B. rose       
B. cried      
B. excited    
B. give in     
B. turned up  
B. painful   
B. preparing  
B. ruin        
B. thing      
B. injured    
 B. important  
C. up         
C. green trees  
C. reached   
C. southern   
C. same        
C. watched   
C. he          
C. white      
C. arriving    
C. turned      
C. jumped      
C. tired      
C. give out    
C. got up      
C. reliable   
C. planning   
C. top       
C. climb      
C. refused    
C. great      
D. down         
D. rocks        
D. walked       
D. eastern      
D. easy         
D. saw          
D. you          
D. yellow       
D. in danger    
D. settled      
D. shouted      
D. happy        
D. give off     
D. looked up                   
D. cruel        
D. asking       
D. end          
D. failure      
D. welcomed     
D. impossible   
多项选择题