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问题 单项选择题

教育学属于( )。

A．自然科学
B．社会科学
C．实验科学
D．哲学

答案

参考答案：B

解析： 教育学属于社会科学，故选B。

问答题 案例分析题

阅读下列说明，回答问题1至问题3，将解答填入答题纸的对应栏内。

说明：

某系统集成商因公司业务发展过快，项目经理人员缺口较大，因此决定从公司工作3年以上的业务骨干中选拔一批项目经理。张某原是公司的一名技术骨干，编程水平很高，在同事中有一定威信，因此被选中直接担当了某系统集成项目的项目经理。张某很珍惜这个机会，决心无论自己多么辛苦也要把这个项目做好。

随着项目的逐步展开，张某遇到很多困难。他领导的小组有两个新招聘的高校毕业生，技术和经验十分欠缺，一遇到技术难题，就请张某进行技术指导。有时张某干脆亲自动手编码来解决问题，因为教这些新手如何解决问题反而更费时间。由于有些组员是张某之前的老同事，在他们没能按计划完成工作时，张某为了维护同事关系，不好意思当面指出，只好亲自将他们未做完的工作做完或将不合格的地方修改好。该项目的客户方是某政府行政管理部门，客户代表是该部门的主任，和公司老总的关系很好。因此对于客户方提出的各种要求，张某和组内的技术人员基本全盘接受，生怕得罪了客户，进而影响公司老总对自己能力的看法。张某在项目中遇到的各种问题和困惑，也感觉无处倾诉。项目的进度已经严重滞后，而客户的新需求不断增加，各种问题纷至沓来，张某觉得项目上的各种压力都集中在他一个人身上，而项目组的其他成员没有一个人能帮上忙。

请结合本案例，你作为项目经理可以向张某提出哪些建议？
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Facts about Aging


The overall difference in life expectancy at birth in the United States is about 7 years (i.e.72 for men vs. 79 for women); and at every age women, on average, can expect to live longer than men. Interestingly, older women are more likely to suffer from debilitating illnesses than men. However, this difference seems to reflect the fact that women typically have less wealth and education than men - two factors that are associated with shorter life expectancies for both sexes. When the effects of poverty and education are removed in the relevant statistical analyses, these sex differences in rates of disability disappear.
The elderly generally show very high interest in associating with friends and close family members. What they show less interest in than younger adults is the expansion of their social networks to make new friends.
About one-third of problem drinkers develop their alcohol abuse problem late in life, and this problem of alcoholism among the aged is indeed more acute for women than men. Overuse of drugs may result from the tendency of some doctors to automatically prescribe drugs rather than search for underlying physical or psychological causes of symptoms, especially when the patients are elderly women. It may also reflect the fact that women are more likely to be facing the loneliness and stress associated with the loss of a spouse than men, and are generally more likely to seek help from a doctor.
Alzheimer’s disease, the much-dreaded form of dementia associated with profound memory loss and other increasingly devastating symptoms, is a condition that strikes a significant number of elderly people. Nevertheless, most elderly people will never suffer such memory loss. In fact, contemporary estimates suggest that moderate to severe memory loss is found in only 4 to 6 percent of adults over age 65. The most important point to be aware of is that while memory (especially short term memory) does deteriorate somewhat as we get older, profound memory loss is not a "natural" consequence of the aging process. It is a product of disease. Evidence of profound memory loss should prompt a visit to a physician who specializes in such problems.
after age 80 the ratio of widows to widowers in the U.S. is about 5 to 1. This statistic reflects the fact that women have a longer life expectancy than men, and the fact that women typically marry men older than themselves. Differences in wealth may also make it easier for marriage-minded widowers to find mates than widows, since elderly women are more likely to be living in poverty than elderly men.
The stereotype of depressed lonely old people is a pervasive one, but it is not supported by the facts. While social isolation is a problem for many older people, it is also a problem for many young people as well. Surveys consistently show that, in the absence of serious illness, older people generally report higher levels of happiness or life satisfaction than young people. One reason for this is that as people age they seem to devote increasing attention to the task of managing their affective states and avoiding sadness or anxiety.
Although there is considerable variability in the degree of loss, sensory decline is fairly inevitable. These losses, it should be noted, have important implications for environmental design in the care of the elderly. For example, greater use of acoustical tile to absorb background noise, use of non-slippery floor surfaces to provide additional traction, and use of non-glare surfaces and clearly marked boundaries can all increase comfort and safety.

The author’s tone about aging is
A. humorous. B. objective.
C. doubtful. D. negative.
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