问题 解答题
已知椭圆C1
x2
a2
+
y2
b2
=1(a>b>0)
的上顶点为A(0,1),过C1的焦点且垂直长轴的弦长轴的弦长为1.
(1)求椭圆C1的方程;
(2)设圆O:x2+y2=
4
5
,过该圆上任意一点作圆的切线l,试证明l和椭圆C1恒有两个交点A,B,且有
OA
OB
=0

(3)在(2)的条件下求弦AB长度的取值范围.
答案

依题意有

b=1
2b2
a
=1
a=2
b=1

(1)C1

x2
4
+y2=1.

(2)由

x2
4
+y2=1,且半径r=
2
5
5
<1
,所以圆O必在椭圆内部,

所以过该圆上任意一点作切线必与椭圆恒有两个交点.

设切点坐标为(x0,y0),A(x1,y1),B(x2,y2),

则切线方程为x0x+y0y=

4
5
(1),

又由(1)知C1

x2
4
+y2=1(2)

联立(1)(2)得:(

y20
+4
x20
)
x
-
32
5
x0x-4
y20
+
64
25
=0,x1x2=
64
25
-4
y20
y20
+4
x20
x1+x2=
32
5
x20
y20
+4
x20

y1=

4
5
-x0
x 1
y0
y2=
4
5
-x0
x 2
y0
y1y2=
16
25
-4
x20
y20
+4
x20

所以,欲证

OA
OB
=0,即证:x1x2+y1y2=0,

因为:x1x2+y1y2=

64
25
-4
y20
y20
+4
x20
+
16
25
-4
x20
y20
+4
x20
=
80
25
-4(
x20
+
y20
)
y20
+4
x20
=
80
25
-4×
4
5
y20
+4
x20
=0

所以,

OA
OB
=0命题成立.

(3)设∠A=θ,则∠B=90°-θ,OD=r=

2
5
5
BD=
OD
tan(900-θ)
,AD=
OD
tanθ

AB=

OD
tan(900-θ)
+
OD
tanθ
=OD•(tanθ+
1
tanθ
)=
2
5
5

所以OA∈[1,2],OD=

2
5
5
,所以sinθ=
OD
OA
∈[
5
5
2
5
5
]
,又θ为锐角,

所以tanθ∈[

1
2
,2],则有tanθ+
1
tanθ
∈[2,
5
2
]
,所以AB∈[
4
5
5
5
]

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