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问题 单项选择题

我国社会主义初级阶段实行以公有制为主体、多种所有制经济共同发展的基本经济制度，它所遵循的历史唯物主义原理是 ( )

A．生产力决定生产关系的原理
B．经济制度决定生产力状况的原理
C．上层建筑对生产力的间接作用原理
D．生产力与生产关系相互作用的原理

答案

参考答案：A

解析： 我国社会主义初级阶段的基本经济制度属于生产关系范畴，根据历史唯物主义原理，我国当前的生产关系从根本上说是由生产力决定的，故选“A”。

填空题

黄芪与白术都具有的功效是（）、（）、（固表）止汗。
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单项选择题

Of all the areas of learning the most important is the development of attitudes. Emotional reactions as well as logical thought processes affect the behavior of most people.
"The burnt child fears the fire" is one instance ; another is the rise of despots like Hitler. Both examples also point up the fact that attitudes stem from experience. In one case the experience was direct and impressive; in the other it was indirect and cumulative. The Nazis were indoctrinated largely by the speeches they heard and the books they read.
The classroom teacher in the elementary school is in a strategic position to influence attitudes. This is true partly because children acquire attitudes from those adults whose word they respect.

A statement made or implied in the passage is that ______.
A. attitudes can be based on the learning of falsehoods
B. a child can develop in the classroom an attitude about the importance of brushing his teeth
C. attitudes cannot easily be changed by rewards and lectures
D. the attitudes of elementary school-aged children are influenced primarily by their teachers

Another reason it is true is that pupils often delve somewhat deeply into a subject in school that has only been touched upon at home or has possibly never occurred to them before. To a child who had previously acquired little knowledge of Mexico, his teacher’s method of handling such a unit would greatly affect his attitude toward Mexicans.
The media through which the teacher can develop wholesome attitudes are innumerable. Social studies (with special reference to races, creeds and nationalities) , science matters of health and safety, the very atmosphere of the classroom... these are a few of the fertile fields for the inculcation of proper emotional reactions.
However. when children come to school with undesirable attitudes, it is unwise for the teacher to attempt to change their feelings by cajoling or scolding them. She can achieve the proper effect by helping them obtain constructive experiences.
To illustrate, first grade pupils afraid of policemen will probably alter their attitudes after a classroom chat with the neighborhood officer in which he explains how he protects them. In the same way, a class of older children can develop attitudes through discussion, research, outside reading and all-day trips.
Finally, a teacher must constantly evaluate her own attitudes, because her influence can be deleterious if she has personal prejudices. This is especially true in respect to controversial issues and questions on which children should be encouraged to reach their own decisions as a result of objective analysis of all the facts.
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