问题 单项选择题

下面哪种不属于办公自动化所必须的基本设备

A.计算机设备

B.通信设备

C.办公设备

D.自动控制设备

答案

参考答案:D

解析:办公自动化必须得到先进的技术设备的支持。一般必须包括下面三类技术或技术设备:计算机设备:计算机是实现办公自动化的主要用于信息处理和存储的设备,它应包括计算机硬件、计算机软件及一批适用于办公事务和信息处理的外部设备。通信设备:是实现办公自动化,用以传输相关办公信息的设备。一般地,通信设备并非办公系统所专有,它应是企业或机构的公共通信设施。它会包括通信控制设备、传输设备、网络设备以及传输介质和通信软件。办公设备:办公事务与计算机技术产生联系后,除办公设备在继续发挥作用外,其特点是发展了与计算机相联系的或以计算机控制的办公设备。

单项选择题
单项选择题

Cooperation is the common endeavor of two or more people to perform a task or reach a jointly cherished goal. Like competition and conflict, there are different forms of cooperation, based on group organization and attitudes.
In the first form, known as primary cooperation, group and individual unite. The group contains nearly all of each individual’s life. The rewards of the group’s work are shared with each member. There is an interlocking identity of individual, group, and task performed. Means and goals become one, for cooperation itself is valued.
While primary cooperation is most often characteristic of preliterate societies, secondary cooperation is characteristic of many modern societies. In secondary cooperation, individuals devote only part of their lives to the group. Cooperation itself is not a value. Most members of the group feel loyalty, but the welfare of the group is not the first consideration. Members perform tasks so that they can separately enjoy the fruits of their cooperation in the form of salary, prestige, or power. Business offices and professional athletic teams are examples of secondary cooperation.
In the third type, called tertiary cooperation or accommodation, latent conflict underlies the shared work. The attitudes of the cooperating parties are purely opportunistic; the organization is loose and fragile. Accommodation involves common means to achieve antagonistic goals; it breaks down when the common means cease to aid each party in reaching its goals. This is not, strictly speaking, cooperation at all, and hence the somewhat contradictory term antagonistic cooperation is sometimes used for this relationship.

Which of the following statements about primary cooperation is supported by information in the passage

A.It was limited in prehistoric times.

B.It is usually the first stage of cooperation achieved by a group of individuals attempting to cooperate.

C.It is an ideal that can never be achieved.

D.It is most commonly seen among people who have not yet developed reading and writing skills.