问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文字,完成下列各题(23分)

招牌菜      郭凯冰

①清水镇是个临着省级公路的小镇,正是司机们歇脚打尖的好去处。司机们都是长期在外跑的人,清水镇的酒馆,也就有了一些清水镇人讳莫如深的内容,那是使大部分酒馆生意兴隆的“招牌菜”。

②这年月,哪个酒馆没有招牌菜是不行的。人家那吃饭的,冲的就是这招牌菜。进门来:“老板,你这里有啥拿手的,说说看!”这老板要是说,我们的菜都好吃,人家立马走人,转身还要加一句“有病”。这年月,没有招牌菜,还能开酒馆?

③清水镇本地人喜欢去清水川菜馆,因为老板娘水兰有“绝活儿”。

④水兰是四川人,主做川菜,招牌菜就是“麻辣鱼”。那火锅做的真叫地道,一拨拨儿的食客吃了还来。辣的嘴巴红红的,舌头麻麻的,一边用手扇着嘴巴,一边还忘不了夸:“真够味,这辣地道,这麻地道!”

⑤可清水镇人除了老板娘水兰,没有谁去过四川,谁也没吃过四川地儿的麻辣鱼,但他们感觉麻辣鱼本来就是这个味。甚至有一次,喝醉酒的麻二大着舌头说:“我去济南吃的重庆麻辣鱼,那叫什么味呀,我呸!那辣叫什么辣?那麻叫什么麻?不够地道嘛!我就说,我们水兰做的麻辣鱼最地道。就是重庆人来,也是吃这劲道!”一屋子人抬头看看正忙碌的老板娘水兰,齐齐点头,嘴里还不住地应和。

⑥这个时候的水兰温言打岔:“麻二哥,别喝了,麻嫂要骂了呀。”走过来,随意拿过麻二桌上的茶壶,高高举起,缓缓倒下,就有轻缓的水流声在人们的耳畔响起,闹得人心里颤一颤,抖一抖。可也只是颤一颤,抖一抖,然后各喝各的酒,各吃各的菜。吃完了,喝完了,各自回家去。

⑦有时候,有外地来的人,开展业务或者感谢客户,就要请清水镇人吃酒。当然要问被请的那位去哪里吃最合适。往往就得到回答——清水川菜馆。

⑧来人早早打听看来到酒馆里恭候。一进门,觉得走错了,要么就是听错了。就站在门口掏出手机:“喂,哥,您说的是清水川菜馆?我咋看着不对劲呢?”那头就笑:“你请我客,还要你得劲?我得劲就行嘛。”

⑨也不怪客人,看着馆子,的确不像高级去处。一溜儿三排原木方桌,木凳子,简单得很。如果再留意呢,就是窗台柜台上散摆着几盆花,冬天是水仙,另外三季是大叶的滴水观音,一律青青绿绿,漾着生机。

⑩进门来,早有水兰从柜台后面站起来,含着笑脸走近,脚步不快,让人觉不出过分的殷勤,可也不慢,让人感觉不出冷淡。客人刚落座,一条雪白湿热的手巾递过来,一壶热热的茶水端上来。第一杯却并不给客人喝,在干净的杯中摇一摇,倒进桌腿边的痰盂里。客人的心就舒坦起来。

⑾这时水兰才轻轻问,这位眼生呢,您请谁来着?如果是镇子上的,也许我可以帮着您参谋一下客人的口味呢。客人说出请谁谁,水兰随口就推荐几个菜。这时的客人,男子汉的豪情似乎在水兰的轻言细语里得到了酝酿,随手接过水兰手中的菜谱,点起另外的酒菜。

⑿一个个菜名从男人的嘴里蹦出来,水兰写几个数字或者打几个对勾,也就记好了。好多时候,如果水兰知道几个人,会提醒多了浪费。豪爽的客人听了这话,就赶紧住了口,朝水兰笑笑说饿着呢,掩饰着张狂后的那点羞惭。

⒀被请的人来了,果真能吃个宾主尽欢。喝的如果有些酒意,外来的客人也要附和着说:“真够味,这辣地道,这麻地道。”不过远来的人往往也会好奇地问:“老板娘在前头张罗,老板却连个面也不露,放心这么个俊俏的娘们抛头露面?”

⒁这时候清水镇的人就笑。哥,动心了?这水兰呢,让你麻,可也让你辣呢。那一次,一位大哥起了孬心思,让水兰一把辣椒末扔过去,哈哈……大概这辈子也不敢想别家娘们了。

⒂客人此时便抬头细细看水兰,水兰正穿了雪白的罩衣忙着呢。手脚麻利,却一点不见忙乱。那嘴角含着微微的笑意,任外地人怎么想,也想不出水兰辣起来如何模样。可就这细细看,也才觉出这老板娘穿着虽朴素,却耐看得紧,心里便也会暗暗颤一颤,抖一抖。同样的,颤了抖了,心也就静了。那水兰耐看的眉眼里透着一份端庄,可是观音模样。客人转头看看窗台,那水仙或者滴水观音正挺着水清的叶子,吐着幽幽的清香呢。

⒃水兰开清水川菜馆整整十年。四十二岁那年,因车祸瘫了十五年的男人死了,水兰盘出店面,嫁到了邻镇。

⒄盘店的是麻二。麻二开了半年,关门大吉。麻二说,清水川菜馆这招牌菜呀,可不是麻辣鱼,明明是水兰嘛。

⒅ 听着这话的清水镇人想一想,可也真是。

小题1:文中第9段、第15段画横线的句子均属于景物描写,这两处描写分别有什么作用?(4分)

小题2:作为酒店老板娘的水兰,有哪些特点?请结合小说全文,作简要概括。(6分)

小题3:作为妻子的水兰,在生活中还具有哪些优秀品质?(2分)

小题4:结合全文,分析第17段画波浪线句子的含义。 (5分)

小题5:本文的16—18段属于小说的结尾,请逐段探究一下这样写的好处。(4分)

小题6:下列对小说的鉴赏,分析不正确的一项是(2分)

A.小说开头六段写活了一个水乡小镇的风土人情。一拨拨的食客认同水兰的“麻辣鱼”,辣的嘴巴红、舌头麻还直叫地道;麻二甚至拿它与在济南吃过的重庆麻辣鱼相比,出人意料却又在情理之中,体现了作者对生活体察深刻,诙谐幽默。

B.小说细节刻画颇见功力:两处描写食客们“心里暗暗颤一颤,抖一抖”,说明爱美之心人皆有之;“可也只是颤一颤,抖一抖”又显现出大家对水兰的尊重和理解,形象反映了食客们爱美惜美的心理历程。

C.小说语言流畅,想象联想丰富自然。给主人公起名叫“水兰”,让人联想到“兰心蕙质”这样美好的词语;由滴水观音转到水兰的观音模样,是谐音双关。作者可谓构思巧妙、用心良苦。

D.小说结尾环环相扣,情节十分曲折起伏。结尾在火爆十年的饭馆盘给麻二后半年关门的对比中,揭示出“品牌品牌,先有人品,后有招牌”的深刻主题。但麻二的话直白扣题,缺少力度。答【】

答案

小题1:(4分)①处是为了描绘清水川菜馆朴素清净但生机勃勃的环境。(2分)②处是为了烘托水兰朴素端庄美丽的人物形象。(2分)

小题2:(6分)老板娘方面:①做菜地道或厨艺高超;②举止自然得体或态度不卑不亢;③服务细致周到或讲卫生 ④为客人着想或节俭⑤手脚麻利⑥说话温柔⑦衣着朴素,讲求实际。(每点一分,答出六点即可)

小题3:(2分)对瘫痪在床15年的丈夫不离不弃,对不规矩的客人态度强硬。(每点1分。答成“对丈夫忠贞不二”亦可得2分)

小题4:(5分)水兰不幸的遭遇以及高尚的品德(各占1分),赢得了清水镇人的同情、敬佩(各占1分),大家光顾清水川菜馆是自然而然的事了。麻二深谙了水兰开店成功的真谛,自愧不如。(1分)

小题5:(4分)①第16段呼应上文(1分),补充说明了水兰的不幸遭遇。(1分)②第17段照应文章题目或点题(1分),说明了什么是真正的招牌菜。③第18段以及整个结尾给读者提供了想象和思考的空间,含蓄隽永,耐人寻味。(1分)

小题6:(2分)D(小说结尾没有太多曲折,起伏不大;麻二的话只点到水兰为止,虽然质朴,但并不直白,留下了回味的空间。)

选择题
阅读理解

A famous study was done in a school by a professor from a university.At the start of the school year,the teachers were given the names of five children.They were told that these five were the most excellent students in the class.But the fact was that these students were only average,and they were not the best students at all.Well,guess what? At the end of the year,all the five average students scored among the highest in the class.

What made these average students change so much to become top students? The only difference was the change in their teachers’ attitude.Because the teachers believed that these five kids were the top students,they expected more from them.And so these five average students began to believe and expect more from themselves.So they worked harder to do as well as they could.

Do you know? If you expect the best from people,they’ll usually want to give you their best.A great leader said,“Treat a person just how he appears to be on the outside,and you’ll make him even worse.But treat a person like he’s already a success,and you’ll help make him the best he can be.”

Like the true story of 7-year-old Johnny,his teacher got so angry with him that one day she said,“Johnny,you’re the naughtiest(最顽皮的) boy in this class.I’m sure you’ll never change.”The next year Johnny had a new teacher.And on the first day of class,she met with Johnny after school and said,“Johnny,I’ve heard a lot about you! But do you know that I don’t believe a word of it.”And every day after that,this new teacher treated Johnny as if he was one of the smartest students even when Johnny did naughty things.Later on,Johnny became a school leader.Because that’s the power of our belief and attitude toward children.

1.The professor started his research by ________.

A.telling the five students to work harder than ever before

B.teaching the five children himself

C.telling the teacher the five students were the best in the class

D.asking the five children to find a new teacher

2.The five average students became top students mainly because of ________.

A.the professor’s study     B.the change in the professor’s attitude

C.the teachers’ hard work   D.the change in the teachers’ attitude

3.Why did the writer tell us the story of 7-year-old Johnny?

A.To show the importance of encouragement.

B.To show that the boy was clever enough.

C.To let us know the famous boy.

D.To let us know how good his new teacher was.

4.According to the story,we can learn that ________.

A.the research began at the end of the school year

B.the students scored highest only because they worked hard

C.if you expect the most from people,you’ll get the least

D.little Johnny liked his new teacher very much

5.What does the passage mainly tell us?

A.If you want to get more,you should have new teachers.

B.Attitude and belief can change a person.

C.A professor’s study can help you score highest.

D.Only teachers can make you a top student.