问题 问答题

下列化合物:①HCl ②NaOH ③CH3COOH ④NH3•H2O ⑤CH3COONa ⑥NH4Cl

(1)属于弱电解质的是______,溶液呈碱性的有______(填序号).

(2)常温下0.01mol/L HCl溶液的PH=______;pH=11的CH3COONa溶液中由水电离产生的c(OH-)=______.

(3)用离子方程式表示CH3COONa溶液呈碱性的原因______,其溶液中离子浓度按由大到小的顺序为______.

(4)将等pH等体积的HCl和CH3COOH分别稀释m倍和n倍,稀释后两溶液的PH仍相等,则m______n (填“大于、等于、小于”).

(5)常温下,向100mL 0.01mol•L-1HA溶液逐滴加入0.02mol•L-1MOH溶液,图中所示曲线表示混合溶液的pH变化情况(体积变化忽略不计).回答下列问题:

①由图中信息可知HA为______酸(填“强”或“弱”).

②K点对应的溶液中,c(M+)+c(MOH)=______mol•L-1

答案

(1)在水溶液里和熔融状态下只有部分电离的电解质是弱电解质,属于弱电解质的是一水合氨和醋酸,碱或强碱弱酸盐其溶液都呈碱性,氢氧化钠和氨水、醋酸钠溶液都呈碱性,故选:③④、②④⑤;

(2)pH=-lgc(H+)=-lg0.01=2,醋酸钠促进水电离,醋酸钠溶液中氢离子浓度为10-11mol/L,根据水的离子积常数知,氢氧根离子浓度等于10-3 mol/L,

故答案为:2、10-3 mol/L;

(3)醋酸钠是强碱弱酸盐,醋酸根离子水解生成醋酸,导致溶液中氢氧根离子浓度大于氢离子浓度而使其溶液呈碱性,水解离子方程式为:CH3COO‾+H2O⇌CH3COOH+OH‾,溶液呈碱性,所以c(OH-)>c(H+),溶液中存在电荷守恒,c(Na+)+c(H+)=c(CH3COO‾)+c(OH-),则c(Na+)>c(CH3COO‾),所以离子浓度大小顺序是c(Na+)>c(CH3COO‾)>c(OH-)>c(H+),

故答案为:CH3COO‾+H2O⇌CH3COOH+OH‾,c(Na+)>c(CH3COO‾)>c(OH-)>c(H+);

(4)醋酸是弱电解质,氯化氢是强电解质,醋酸存在电离平衡,氯化氢不存在电离平衡,将等pH的醋酸和盐酸稀释后溶液的pH仍然相等,则盐酸稀释的倍数小于醋酸,故答案为:小于;

(5)①根据图象知,0.01mol•L-1HA溶液中PH=2,氢离子浓度等于酸浓度,所以该酸是强酸,故答案为:强;

 ②K点时,加入的MOH的物质的量=0.02mol•L-1×0.1L=0.002mol,混合溶液的体积是0.2L,根据物料守恒知,c(M+)+c(MOH)=

0.002mol
0.2L
=0.01mol/L,故答案为:0.01.

单项选择题
阅读理解

If you're networking (建立人际关系) and nothing is happening, you might need to evaluate how you're doing it. Maybe you show up at each event and still feel challenged by the process. You aggressively talk to people, give out your cards, call endlessly to schedule an appointment but have no real success from your efforts. To help you gain a different future, here are ten habits you should avoid.

Ineffective networkers:

1. Lack patience. They expect immediate results and want business now, not tomorrow.

2. Constantly “selling” something. They see dollar signs every time they shake hands with someone.

3. Too many choices. If they offer a variety of products, they might try too hard to tell about all of them. Offering too much information sends a confusing message making it difficult for people to send referral (指点). Opportunities are all around us but when you're networking, only focus on one.

4. Change positions too often. If they move from company to company or do something totally different, it might be difficult for people to keep up with them.

5. Lack manners and respect. They interrupt others, talk with food in their mouth, aren't very polite and appear unprofessional. They call people during dinner or on the weekends without thinking whether the occasion is suitable.

6. Distribute too many cards and sales literature. They come while loading with brochures, flyers (传单), catalogues and samples.

7. Focus on themselves. Too much self­ promotion can leave the other person to feel unappreciated. Every sentence begins with “I” and is all about their business.

8. “Talking” instead of “giving”. They don't realize what other people sense when they are being very selfish. Others may think that they are being taken advantage of.

9. Lack authenticity (可靠性) and personal values. They may create unrealistic expectations and not deliver on their promises. Sometimes doing things without integrity (诚实) possibly twists the truth.

10. Poor communication and interpersonal skills. They have trouble speaking effectively, building relationships and following up.

Networking is a process that is an investment of time and money. If you find you're doing any of these habits, consider learning how to improve on these and maximize your results while networking. You'll start to get better at connecting with people and obtain more referrals.

小题1:This passage is meant for people who ______.

A.want to do more businesses

B.often take instead of giving

C.have poor communication and interpersonal skills

D.want to improve their interpersonal relationship小题2:According to the second habit, we shouldn't ______ when we are networking.

A.sell things

B.talk about dollars

C.pay attention to money only

D.shake hands with everyone小题3:When talking with others, you should ______.

A.give out your cards and brochures every now and then

B.talk about the quality of your product as much as possible

C.interrupt others when they make a mistake

D.let other people express themselves completely小题4:Which of the following is NOT correct about a salesman's behavior?

A.He offers too much self­promotion during the conversation.

B.He considers carefully when he can get what he expects.

C.He only focuses on one opportunity when networking.

D.He keeps his promises and doesn't expect too much from others.