问题 单项选择题

理想气体向真空作绝热膨胀()。

A.膨胀后,温度不变,压强减小

B.膨胀后,温度降低,压强减小

C.膨胀后,温度升高,压强减小

D.膨胀后,温度不变,压强不变

答案

参考答案:A

解析:

理想气体向真空作绝热膨胀,温度不变。由状态方程有

P1 V1=P2 V2

V2>V1,P1>P2

阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文字,完成下面的题。

庄子的翅膀

  人到中年,活着感觉越来越沉重。这种沉重就像一个人陷入沼泽,你拼命想挣脱泥水的围困,想让自己的身体变得轻盈,从而从泥沼的吸引中脱颖而出,但是你似乎越挣扎,陷得越深。

  我感觉自己正陷入这种恐惧。我周围的生活就像一个巨大的泥沼,我深陷其中,不能自拔。这时候我想到了庄子,想到了那个贫穷而中年丧妻的庄子。这只蝴蝶,或者大鹏。这是长翅膀的庄子,从人世的巨大泥沼中超脱出来从而变得轻盈无比的庄子。比起我生活的时代,庄子的周围才真正称得上是一个巨大的泥沼,一个恐怖的陷阱。庄子,包括和庄子一样地位卑微的“士”以及比庄子地位更加卑微也更多数的“庶”,他们只是君主的猎物,被围困在君主的苑囿里,君主什么时候高兴了或者不高兴了,就宰杀一只,纯粹为了娱乐。那是一个毫无生命尊严的时代,那是一个人命低于草芥的时代。

  庄子也是一只猎物呀,被君主围捕,但却冲破君主的包围圈,胜利大逃亡了。对于“士”,君主不是纯粹用刀剑来对付,他们还用蜂蜜和甜酒,用玉帛和铜币。他们要让一部分猎物成为自己的宠物,供自己取乐,同时也会为自己充当爪牙,去猎杀更加低级的“庶”。

  庄子被诱惑。楚王派使者持千金来了。楚王要降服这一只桀骜不驯的猎物。温柔的大网张开了,暗藏杀机。但庄子就是不入其彀中。庄子选择了突围。庄子冲天而起。庄子就是这样被逼出了一双翅膀。

  庄子从此不再是一只猎物。庄子完成了自己。因为有了翅膀,因为舍弃。庄子获得了前所未有的自由。自由是什么?自由是你一无所有之后,还能自信地对所有的人说:“我富甲天下。”我们有这种气魄吗?没有。所以我们成不了庄子。

  庄子曾经向监河侯贷粟,因为庄子家贫。庄子从来不是迂腐的伯夷叔齐,庄子知道生命的可贵。但庄子从来不向君主摇尾乞怜,像那些君主豢养的哈巴狗。庄子是有翅膀的人。庄子的灵魂在天上,在与天地精神相往还的浩渺宇宙间。庄子是能够吞吐宇宙的人,“抟扶摇直上者九万里”,庄子宁愿在污泥中曳尾,因为曳尾污泥,那是在与大自然肌肤相亲。

  庄子就这样拔地而起。庄子在我们灵魂的仰望中翩翩起舞。庄子是雄浑的,庄子也是妩媚的。庄子一会儿是大鹏,力拔山兮气盖世;一会儿是蝴蝶,流连戏蝶时时舞。庄子让当时的社会吃惊,更让后人吃惊。这个长着翅膀的怪物,滑过阴暗的宫廷,滑过君主的刀丛,竟然毫发无损。凭什么?凭他的一对翅膀。

  人到中年,我感到生命的沉重。因为我没有庄子的翅膀。说到底我没有庄子那样彻底的思想。思想使人轻盈。金钱使人沉重。在我们生活的这个时代,每个人都被捆缚在欲望的战车上,每个人都在冲锋陷阵,都在拼命拼杀。这是另一个尸横遍野的战场,没有硝烟,但比起战国的刀光剑影、血肉横飞,丝毫也不逊色。我们没有翅膀,我们只有欲望。

  沉重是自找的。

  我飞不起来。因为我的沉重。这种沉重是污浊的,散发着生活的枯枝败叶的腐朽气息。我的生活中堆积着那么多腐朽的枯枝败叶,但我一点也不舍得丢弃,反而视若珍宝,所以我注定无法轻盈。

  还是不要胡言乱语了。让我们的心,老老实实地在股票与基金的浮沉中,飞翔一生吧。

1.结合文意,说说题目“庄子的翅膀”的含义及表达效果。

_____________________________________________________

2.第②段中作者为什么写庄子生活的时代?

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3.第⑨段中作者为什么说“沉重是自找的”?请根据文意作简要概括。

_____________________________________________________

4.有人认为结尾段表现了作者消极的情绪。请结合文章主旨,谈谈你的看法。

_____________________________________________________

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     Among various programs, TV talk shows have covered every inch of space on daytime television.

But no two shows are more opposite in content, while at the same time standing out above the rest,

than the Jerry Springer and Oprah Winfrey shows.

     Jerry Springer could easily be considered the king of "rubbish talk". The show takes the

ever-common talk show titles of love, sex, cheating, and hate, to a different level. Clearly, the Jerry

Springer show is about the dark side of society, yet people are willing to eat up the troubles of other

people's lives.

     Like Jerry Springer, Oprah Winfrey takes the TV talk show to its top. But Oprah goes in the

opposite direction. The show is mainly about the improvement of society and different quality of life.

Contents are from teaching your children lessons, managing your work week, to getting to know your

neighbors.

     Compared to Oprah, the Jerry Springer show looks like poisonous waste being poured into society.

Jerry ends every show with a "final word". He makes a small speech about the entire idea of the show.

Hopefully, this is the part where most people will learn something very valuable.

     Clean as it is, the Oprah show is not for everyone. The show's main audience are middle-class

Americans. Most of the people have the time, money and ability to deal with life's tough problems.

Jerry Springer, on the other hand, has more of a connection with the young adults of society.

1. Compared with other TV talk shows, both the Jerry Springer and the Oprah Winfrey shows

are ________.

A. more interesting

B. unusually popular

C. more detailed

D. more formal

2. Though the social problems Jerry Springer talks about appear unpleasant, people who watch

     the shows ________.

A. show disbelief in them

B. are ready to face up to them

C. remain cold to them

D. are willing to get away from them

3. Which of the following is likely to be a topic of the Oprah Winfrey show?

A. A new type of robot.

B. National hatred (憎恨).

C. Family income planning.

D. Street accident.

4. What is the advantage of the Jerry Springer show? 

A. The show exposes the dark sides of society.

B. The show pours poisonous waste into society.

C. Jerry sums up (总结) the whole idea of the show.

D. Jerry talks about the improvement of society.