问题 单项选择题

缺氧对人体脏器的影响,以下说法正确的是

A.随着缺氧程度的加重,肾血流量先减少后增加
B.红细胞生成素增加,使红细胞生成增加
C.肺小动脉扩张
D.随缺氧程度加重,心率先慢后快

答案

参考答案:B

解析: 本题考察机体缺氧的病理生理变化。轻度缺氧时,肾血流量、肾小球滤过率、尿量和尿钠排出量均增加,但缺氧加重时,肾血流量减少,肾功能受损。组织缺氧会使红细胞生成素增加,使红细胞生成增加,血液黏稠度增加。缺氧可刺激心脏,使心率加快和心搏出量增加,血压上升。严重缺氧可导致室颤或心脏停搏。缺氧还能够造成肺小动脉痉挛收缩,长期缺氧可造成肺动脉高压。

单项选择题 A3/A4型题
填空题

Happiness Secrets for Tough Times


1. You don’t need an expert to tell you that relationships are critical to happiness. Not being the bread-winner anymore or not being able to fulfill your kid’s needs can weigh down hard on your family life. But the trick is to stop feeling guilty and focus on nurturing your loved ones. "I was at a psychology conference where an expert was talking about the effects of this economy on families and how parents can’t afford to buy their kids luxuries like toys anymore," says Sonja Lyubomirsky, author of The How of Happiness: A Scientific Approach to Getting the Life You Want. "But what they don’t realize is that kids don’t care about toys-what they care about is parents being grumpy and taking it out on them."
2. Now more than ever we need each other to survive. Lyubomirsky found that doing good things for friends, family, or strangers can make you happier. Think of practical, everyday gestures that can make someone’s life a little bit easier. For example, Lyubomirsky says, "Maybe now many of us can’t afford to take a cab to the airport, so offer to give a friend a ride."
3. "You could spend a lot of time ruminating," says Lyubomirsky. "But that just makes you feel even more pessimistic, more out of control, and affects your self esteem. Your relationships will suffer and your job performance will suffer." Get rid of pessimism. One of the most effective ways to cope when things are difficult is to adopt a positive thinking strategy. "What can I learn from this Times are tough, I’ve been furloughed at work, but I can spend more time with the kids, adopt a new hobby, or learn a new set of skills."
4. "if you find a happy person you will find a project," says Lyubomirsky. "Happy people all have goals they care about." Commit yourself to a project — whether it is a business you want to start or a dance you want to learn. But it’s also important to remember to be flexible in these times. Don’t get frustrated if circumstances are stopping you from meeting your goals. Adopt and change! "If your spouse has lost their job you might have to change your goal," says Lyubomirsky. "Or you might have to learn a whole new skill for a new job."
5. When times are tough, it’s easy to get skip your regular workouts in favor of moping in front of the TV and eating a bag of chips. Your thinking is "I have more important things to worry about right now than looking good." But carve out a small part of your day to give your body some TLC. It will go a long way in boosting your happiness. "Even if you can’t afford to go to the gym," Lyubomirsky says, "take time out to exercise at home or meditate."
A. Have a goal and be flexible
B. Find a new friend
C. Avoid over-thinking
D. Do some physical exercise
E. Help others
F. Focus on your relationships
G. Try to fulfill your kid’s needs

Paragraph 4 ______