问题 名词解释

机体抗肿瘤免疫效应机制。

答案

参考答案:

机体抗肿瘤免疫效应十分复杂,包括体液免疫和细胞免疫两方面,细胞免疫起主要作用。

(1)机体抗肿瘤的体液免疫机制有:①激活补体系统溶解肿瘤细胞②介导杀伤细胞的细胞毒作用:IgG可介导巨噬细胞、NK细胞、中性粒细胞发挥ADCC效应;③调理吞噬作用;④干扰肿瘤细胞的某些生物学行为。

(2)机体抗肿瘤的细胞免疫机制有:①T细胞介导的特异性细胞免疫:目前认为CTL细胞是抗肿瘤免疫的主要效应细胞,可直接特异性杀伤瘤细胞,也可通过分泌细胞因子间接杀伤瘤细胞;②NK细胞是早期抗肿瘤的重要免疫细胞,处于抗肿瘤的第一道防线,可非特异直接杀伤肿瘤细胞;③巨噬细胞:可通过处理、提呈肿瘤抗原诱导特异性抗肿瘤免疫应答;活化的巨噬细胞可非特异吞噬肿瘤细胞,也可通过ADCC杀伤瘤细胞;还可通过分泌细胞毒性因子间接杀伤肿瘤细胞;④树突状细胞辅佐T、B细胞参与特异性杀伤肿瘤的过程。

单项选择题
完形填空

第二节 完形填空(共20 小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)

阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A 、B、 C 和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

"Dr. Papaderos, what is the meaning of life?"

The _36___ laughter followed, and people stirred to go.

Papadakos held up his hand and __37___ the room and stared at me, asking with his eyes if I was serious and seeing from my eyes __38___ I was.

"I will answer your question."

Taking his wallet out of his hip pocket, he __39___ into it and brought out a very small round ___40__.

And what he said ___41__ like this:

"When I was a small child, during the war, we were very poor and lived _42__in a remote village. One day, on the road, I found the broken pieces of a mirror from a wrecked German motorcycle. "I tried to find all the pieces and put them together, but it was not__43___, so I kept only the largest piece. I made it round. I began to play with it as a ___44__, interested by the __45___ that I could reflect light into dark places where the sun would ___46__ shine. It became a game for me to get light into the most__47____ places I could find---in deep holes and dark closets.

I kept the little mirror, and, __48___ I went about my growing up, I would take it out in idle moments and continue the ___49___ of the game. As I became a man, I __50___ to understand that this was not just a child's game but a metaphor (隐喻) for what I might do __51___ my life. I came to understand that I am not the light or the ___52__ of light. But light---truth, understanding, knowledge---is there, and it will shine in many dark places __53____ I reflect it.

"I am a fragment (碎片)of a mirror whose whole design and shape I do not know.__54____, with what I have I can reflect light into the black places in the ___55___ of men. This is the meaning of my life."

36. A. common    B. usual     C. ordinary   D. general

37. A .cheered     B. stopped   C .stilled     D. cleaned 

38. A .that        B. what      C. where    D. whether

39. A. fished      B. looked    C dipped     D. slipped    

40.A. coin        B. toy       C. mirror    D. present

41.A. came       B. sounded    C. read     D. went

42. A. hopefully   B. peacefully  C. hopelessly  D. plainly

43.A. possible     B. difficult   C. easy       D. reasonable

44.A.child        B .treasure   C. tool       D. toy

45.A.case        B. truth       C .fact       D. result

46. A. always     B. seldom     C. still        D. never

47 .A .unavailable  B. difficult    C. interesting  D.  inaccessible

48. A. as          B. before     C. after       D. while

49.A .difficulty    B .challenge   C. content     D. rule

50 .A. grew       B. tended     C. used       D. failed

51. A. for         B. to        C. about        D .with 

52 .A. player       B. resource  C. origin       D. source

53.A. if only       B. only if    C. as far as     D. now that

54. A. Therefore    B. Otherwise  C. However   D. Besides

55. A. hearts       B. minds     C. eyes       D. brains