问题 多项选择题

建筑材料与水有关的性质有( )。

A.耐水性

B.抗塑性

C.抗冻性

D.抗渗性

E.抗剪性

答案

参考答案:A,C,D

阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文字,完成文后题目。

茗香千载 茶韵流芳

茶文化源远流长。据传,茶的发现约始于公元前2700多年的神农时代。东汉的《神农本草经》有“神农尝百草,日遇七十二毒,得荼茶而解之”的记载,世界上第一部茶叶专著《茶经》中也提到:“茶之为饮,发乎神农氏,闻于鲁周公。”最早祖先们利用的是野生茶树。茶树的人工栽培约在3000多年前,巴蜀地区是中国茶树的起源地之一。东晋时期的史书《华阳国志·巴志》中记载,周武王伐纣时,在巴蜀一带已用当地所产茶叶作贡品了,这说明当时的巴蜀地区茶叶生产已有了一定的规模。而后茶的栽培从巴蜀地区南下云贵一带,又东移楚湘,转粤赣闽,入江浙,北移淮河流域,形成我国广阔的产茶区。迄今为止,世界上还没有别的国家有更早对茶的记载和发现,中国是最早采制和饮用茶的国家。

人类在原始社会对植物的长期食用中发现茶树叶有解渴、提神和治疗某些疾病的作用,就把它熬煮成茶水作为饮料。长期以来,茶只是用来治病,大约到西周初期,茶叶才发展为茶食,即“生煮羹饭”,后来茶又成为祭品,最终从煮水清饮改进到泡饮。

在秦代以前,中国各地的语言、文字还不统一,因此茶的名称也众说纷纭。商周时期茶叶首次有了自己的名字,叫做“荼”,因为茶味苦涩,又叫“苦荼”。据唐代陆羽所著《茶经》记载,唐以前,茶有“荼”、“贾”等名,自《茶经》问世以后,正式将“荼”字减去一横,称之为“茶”。

春秋战国时期,茶叶已传至黄河中下游地区。清代顾炎武在《日知录》中说:“自秦人取蜀而后,始有茗饮之事。”到了汉代,茶的保健作用日益受到重视。西汉王褒在《僮约》中提到“武阳买荼”,说明当时已有了专卖茶叶的茶叶市场。魏晋南北朝时期,饮茶的风气传播到长江中下游,茶叶已成为待客、宴会、祭礼的饮料。南齐武帝临终遗诏说:“灵座上慎勿以牲为祭,惟设饼、茶饮、干饭、酒脯而已。天下贵贱,咸同此制。”从此茶叶成为祭祀时必备的祭品。

唐代中期,饮茶之风盛行全国。各地的制茶技术也日益提高,出现了很多名茶。有关茶的诗歌众多,据后人统计,当时著名诗人李白、杜甫、白居易、元稹等100多人写了400多篇涉及茶事的诗歌,唐代还首次出现描绘饮茶场面的绘画。

在宋代,茶成为普及的饮料,特别是上层社会嗜茶成风。制茶的技术达到了精巧奢华的地步,如龙凤团饼茶的制作技术就非常复杂,有蒸茶、榨茶、研茶、造茶、过黄、烘茶等几道工序。欧阳修在《归田录》中写道:“茶之品莫贵于龙凤,……谓之小团,凡二十饼,重一斤,其价值金二两,然金可有,而茶不可得。”

到了1391年,明太祖下诏“罢造龙团,惟采茶牙以进”,意思是向皇宫进贡只要芽叶型的蒸青散茶。皇室提倡饮用散茶,民间更是蔚然成风,并将煎煮法改为冲泡法,这是饮茶方法史上的一次革命。明代茶的加工炒制方法和品饮都有了创新,出现了炒青技术和功夫茶艺,从而推动了名茶的发展和许多茶类的创新。现在的茶叶加工工艺、茶类形式以及品饮方法是明代奠定的。

茶自发现以后,由起源中心地带呈扇形向我国的东南、华南地区扩展,并通过各种渠道传向国外。目前世界上50多个产茶国的茶种、饮茶风尚都来自中国。中国茶叶约在汉代就传入日本了,唐代时又有大批日本僧人来华,回国时带回茶种。中国茶叶传入欧洲是在1607年。东印度公司成立的第二年,荷兰船首次将茶由澳门转运到爪哇。1664年、1666年,茶叶作为贡品输入澳洲。1669年,英国印度公司把14万磅茶叶运到英国,当时只在伦敦咖啡馆中供应少量的中国茶。17世纪初明神宗万历年间1618年,中国大使将少量茶叶运入俄国。中国茶叶大量输入俄国是在1689年签订《尼布楚条约》以后,1893年,俄国还聘请了中国茶工发展本国的茶叶生产。此后中国茶叶又从欧洲和中国传入了东南亚各国。

1、下列选项与原文意思不相符的一项是

A、西周时,作为中国茶树的起源地之一的巴蜀地区的菜叶生产已有了一定的规模,所产茶叶已作为贡品。

B、西周初年,茶叶的功用由治病发展为泡饮,其间经历了茶食、煮水清饮和祭品三个发展阶段。

C、西汉时已经有了专卖茶叶的茶叶市场,茶的保健作用日益受到重视。

D、魏晋南北朝时,饮茶的风气已传至长江中下游,茶叶成为祭祀时必备的祭品。

2、中国茶“通过各种渠道传向国外”,对“各种渠道”表述正确的一项是

A、大批日本僧人来华后,回国时偷偷带回茶种。

B、东印度公司刚刚成立,就将大批茶叶运到英国。

C、清代,中国茶叶大量输入俄国的同时,中国茶工也被聘请到俄国。

D、后来中国茶叶又由日本、欧洲传入东南亚各国。

3、下列推断与原文不相符合的一项是

A、祖先最早利用的是野生茶树,茶树的人工栽培时间大约在公元前1000年。

B、唐代陆羽被后人尊为“茶圣”,是因为他最先为茶正名,即将“荼”字减去一横,称之为“茶”。

C、唐代中期,饮茶之风盛行,文人画士的创作涉及茶事,促进了唐代文学、艺术的繁荣。

D、明代是中国茶发展的特殊阶段,茶叶的加工工艺和茶类形式有极大创新,品饮方法也发生了革命性的变化。

阅读理解

I’m a teacher. But there are days, like today, when I wonder why. The results of an English quiz taken by my fifth-graders were depressing. Despite my best efforts, the world of pronouns remains a mystery to them. How I wish there were a way to make the study of our language as exciting as a computer game, so the glazed (目光呆滞) looks would not appear in their eyes at the mention of the word “grammar.” I remember my husband’s words: “Why don’t you quit? You’d probably make more money by doing something else, and you wouldn’t have papers to grade every night.”

Tonight I have a stack of papers to grade, which I promised my students I would return tomorrow. But a friend, whom I haven’t seen in a year, is visiting from Belgium, and I told her I would keep this evening free.

Sitting in traffic behind a distant stoplight, it’s hard not to replay the day. A voice reports the body of a local youngster, missing for weeks, has been identified.

This missing child has had a deep effect on my students. They wondered, “If it happened to her, could it happen to me?”

My children had found the answer themselves. They got out their pencils, markers and made cards. Cards were written with words of compassion and love for a mother and father they didn’t know. Cards were filled with red hearts, golden crosses, flowers and angels. Their cards, intended to comfort others, comforted the children themselves by leading them past the anxiety, back into the world of security (安全) that should be theirs.

And then I remember why I’m still teaching. It’s the children. They’re more important than a lifetime filled with quiet evenings and more valuable than a pocket filled with money. My classroom, a child-filled world of discovery, of kindness and of caring is the real world.

It’s time to call my friend. I have promises to keep. She’ll understand. After all, she’s a teacher.

小题1:The writer wonders why she is a teacher because _____.

A.her students often play games in class

B.teaching is not a well-paid job

C.her students feel bored with grammar

D.she feels frustrated at teaching小题2: The students’ attitude to the missing child’s parents might be that of _____.

A.doubt

B.unconcern

C.sympathy

D.tolerance小题3:What is the most important according to the writer?

A.A pocket filled with money.

B.The kind and caring children.

C.A lifetime filled with quiet evenings.

D.The freedom to control her own time.小题4:What promise will the writer keep?

A.To grade papers that night.

B.To help a student with homework.

C.To accept her husband’s advice.

D.To meet her old friend.