问题 单项选择题

以下关于国际联盟和联合国的表述,正确的是( )。

A.都是帝国主义战争的产物
B.总部都设在美国
C.都曾经受到大国操纵
D.都一贯致力于维护世界和平

答案

参考答案:C

解析: 国际联盟和联合国分别是两次世界大战的产物,但是第二次世界大战是世界反法西斯战争,A项错误。联合国总部设在美国纽约,但国际联盟总部设在瑞士日内瓦,B项错误。国际联盟是维护一战后帝国主义统治世界秩序的,因此根本不是维护世界和平的;联合国在成立之初也是由美国操纵的,并且发动了侵朝战争等,所以最初也不是维护世界和平的,D项错误。国际联盟被英法控制,而联合国在成立之初被美国控制。故选C。

综合题

阅读下列材料,结合所学知识回答问题

材料一 洋务运动教育变革实践活动统计表

时 间内   容
1862年创办北京同文馆(外语)
1863年创办广方言馆(外语)
1866年创办福州船政学堂(军事)
1867年创办天文算学馆(科技)
1887年创办天津电报学堂(科技)
1872—1875年派遣留美学生共120人
材料二 《京师大学堂章程》首先确定了晚清以来被尊为国策的“中学为体,西学为用”(西学学问应当分天文、地学、道学、政学、文学、武学、农学、工学、商学、医学十科。“中学”包含经史子集和理学传统)的办学宗旨。……《京师大学堂规条》中规定:“……五经四子书如日月经天江河行地,历万古而常新,又如布帛菽粟不可一日离,学者果能切实敦行,国家何患无人才,何患不治平”……。

——胡鹏林《从京师同文馆到京师大学堂》 

材料三 各科教科书,务合乎共和民国宗旨,凡民间通行之教科书,其中如有尊崇满洲朝廷及旧时管制、军制等课,并避讳抬头字样,应由各该书局自行修改。……小学读经课一律废止。……中学校以完足普通教育,造成健全国民为宗旨。科目有修身、国文、外国语、历史、地理、数学、博物、物理、化学、法制经济、图画、手工、乐歌、体操。

——南京临时政府《普通教育暂行办法》

(1)根据材料一,指出洋务学堂在人才培养方式、教育内容和人才培养目标方面的特点。

(2)京师大学堂创办的历史背景是什么?指出材料一、二在教育内容方面的共同点。材料二反映了维新派教育变革的什么局限性?

(3)根据材料三,指出南京临时政府的办学宗旨和教育内容上的进步性。

(4)根据上述材料和所学知识,简要评述近代前期上述教育改革的进步意义。

完形填空

Ali is from a Middle Eastern country. He now stays in the USA. He smokes a lot of cigarettes(香烟) every day. He has smoked for nine years. Ali says, “ I tried to quit (放弃) smoking in my hometown, but it was impossible. My parents smoke. My brothers smoke. All my friends smoke. At parties and at meetings, almost all the men smoke. Here in the United States, many people don’t smoke.  ____小题1:____ ”

Many smokers are like Ali: they want to stop smoking.  ____小题2:____. They know it can cause cancer(癌症) and heart disease. But it is difficult for them to give up smoking because cigarettes have a drug in them. The drug is nicotine(尼古丁). People who smoke a lot need nicotine.

____小题3:____ Because the nicotine makes him uncomfortable. But in a few days, the smoker’s body is used to the nicotine, and he feels fine. Later, the smoker needs nicotine to keep feeling fine. Without nicotine, he feels bad.

____小题4:____ Many people who quit will soon smoke again. At a party or at work they will decide to smoke “just one” cigarette. Then they will smoke another cigarette, and another. Soon they become smokers again. How can we quit smoking? ____小题5:____     

A.It is very difficult to quit smoking.

B.So it will be easier to change the smoking habit here.

C.Thus it makes smokers addicted to cigarettes.

D.The smokers know that smoking is bad for their health.E. When a person first begins to smoke, he doesn’t feel good. 

F. Maybe there is only one easy way to quit smoking: never start. 

G. But it is said that medicine is needed to stop them from smoking.