问题 单项选择题

项目章程在项目管理中起着非常重要的作用,以下对项目章程的描述中______是错误的。

A.项目章程应该由项目团队之外的人发布
B.项目章程使项目与执行组织的日常动营联系起来
C.项目章程不包括干系人的需求和期望
D.项目章程包括论证项目的业务方案

答案

参考答案:C

解析: 项目章程是正式批准一个项目的文档,或者是批准现行项目是否进入下一阶段的文档。项目章程应当由项目组织以外的项目发起人发布,若项目为本组织开发也可由投资人发布。发布人其在组织内的级别应能批准项目,并有相应的为项目提供所需资金的权力。项目章程为项目经理使用组织资源进行项目活动提供了授权。尽可能在项目早期确定和任命项目经理。应该总是在开始项目计划前就任命项目经理,在项目启动时任命会更合适。
建立项目章程将使项目与执行组织的日常运营联系起来。在一些组织中,项目只有在需求调研、可行性研究或初步试探完成后才被正式批准和启动。
项目章程的编制过程主要关注于记录建设方的商业需求、项目立项的理由与背景、对客户需求的现有理解和满足这些需求的新产品、服务或结果。项目章程应当包括以下直接列入的内容或援引自其他文件的内容。
(1)基于项目干系人的需求和期望提出的要求。
(2)项目必须满足的业务要求或产品需求。
(3)项目的目的或项目立项的理由。
(4)委派的项目经理及项目经理的权限级别。
(5)概要的里程碑进度计划。
(6)项目干系人的影响。
(7)职能组织及其参与。
(8)组织的、环境的和外部的假设。
(9)组织的、环境的和外部的约束。
(10)论证项目的业务方案,包括投资回报率。
(11)概要预算。

多项选择题
阅读理解

     Inventor, physicist, surveyor, astronomer, biologist, artist… Robert Hooke was all there and more.

Some say he was the greatest experimental scientist of the 17th century. In the course of his work, he

cooperated with famous men of science like Isaac Newton, and the great architect, Christopher Wren.

     Hooke's early education began at home, under the guidance of his father. He entered Westminster

School at the age of 13, and from there went to Oxford, where he came in contact with some of the best

scientists in England. Hooke impressed them with his skills at designing experiments and inventing

instruments. In 1662, at he age of 28, he was named Curator of Experiments at the newly formed Royal

Society of London- meaning that he was responsible for demonstrating(展示) new experiments at the

society's weekly meeting. Hooke accepted the job, even though he knew that the society had no money

to pay him!

     Watching living things through a microscope was one of his favourite pastimes(消遣). He invented a

compound microscope(显微镜) for this purpose. One day while observing a cork(软木塞) under a

microscope, he saw honeycomb-like structures. There were cells -the smallest units of life. In fact, it was

Hooke who invented the term "cell" as the boxlike cells of the cork reminded him of the cells of a

monastery(修道院).

     Another achievement of Hooke's was his book Micrographia, which introduced the enormous

potential(潜力) of the microscope. It contains fascinating drawings of the thing he saw under the

microscope. The book also includes, among other things, ideas on gravity, light and combustion(燃烧)

that may have helped scientists like Newton when they were developing their own theories on these

phenomena(现象).

     Hooke made valuable contributions to astronomy too. A crater(火山口) on the moon is named after

him in honour of his services to this branch of science.           

1. We can infer from paragraph 2 that Hooke is ____________.

A. friendly      

B. sociable      

C. creative      

D. helpful

2. Which is the possible reason why Hooke accepted the job as Curator of Experiments?

A. He liked designing experiments.

B. His family needed his support.

C. He wanted to please the famous scientists in England.

D. His parents couldn't afford his education.

3. The cell got its name because of __________.

A. its use      

B. its shape    

C. Hooke's favourites    

D. Hooke's experiences

4. Which of the following is true according to the text?

A. Hooke went to Oxford in 1645.

B. Hooke was well paid in the Royal Society of London.

C. Hooke made a contribution to medicine.

D. Hooke's book Micrographia may have helped Newton.

5. The last paragraph is to prove that _____________.

A. Hooke was the greatest experimental scientist of the 17th century

B. Hooke was good at making discoveries

C. Hooke's contributions were not limited to one field

D. Hooke was one of the greatest astronomers