问题 解答题

阅读以下实验探究过程:

①用线掉着一只小蝗虫逗引一只饥饿的蟾蜍,蟾蜍会立即张口把小蝗虫吃掉.

②换成用线掉着一只形状和颜色都很像大野蜂,但却没有毒刺的盗虻来逗引这只蟾蜍,蟾蜍会像对待小蝗虫那样吞吃掉盗虻.

③接着用线吊者大野蜂来逗引这只蟾蜍,蟾蜍仍是张口去吞,不过大野蜂蛰了一下蟾蜍的舌头,蟾蜍立刻把大野蜂吐了出来.

④再次用大野蜂逗引这只蟾蜍,蟾蜍伏着头不予理睬了.

⑤改用盗虻再来逗引这只蟾蜍.蟾蜍也是不去吞吃了.

⑥最后,还是用线吊着小蝗虫来逗引这只蟾蜍,蟾蜍又把小蝗虫吞吃了,显示出蟾蜍并没有吃饱.

回答问题:

(1)实验①②③说明了蟾蜍有捕食昆虫的本能,这是______.

(2)实验④说明了蟾蜍通过生活经验,对大野蜂有了识别,因而不再吞吃,这是______.

(3)实验⑤说明了蟾蜍利用经验解决问题的能力比高等动物的能力______.

(4)实验⑥证明了蟾蜍在实验③④⑤中确实建立起新的______.

答案

先天性行为是指动物一出生就有的一种行为方式,是动物的一种本能,由体内的遗传物质决定的,而学习行为是动物出生后在成长的过程中通过生活经验和“学习”逐渐建立起来的新的行为活动.

(1)实验①②③说明了蟾蜍有捕食昆虫的本能,这些行为都是生来就有的,不学就会的,由体内的遗传物质所决定的先天性行为.

(2)实验④说明了蟾蜍通过生活经验,对大野蜂有了识别,因而不再吞吃,动物出生后通过学习得来的行为,参与神经中枢是大脑皮层不是与生俱来的而是动物在成长过程中,通过生活经验和“学习”逐渐建立起来的新的行为.

(3)实验⑤蟾蜍不能正确区别出大野蜂与盗虻,说明不同动物的学习能力是有差别的,动物越高等,学习能力也就越强,适应复杂多变的环境的能力越强,相反,动物越低等学习能力就越低.

(4)通过实验⑥与实验③④⑤的比较可以看出,蟾蜍还能区别出蝗虫与大黄蜂、盗虻的不同,并能够分别对待,说明它已经建立了新的行为活动,属于新的学习行为.

故答案为:(1)先天性行为(2)学习行为(3)低(4)学习行为

解答题
阅读理解
“Sending thank-you notes is becoming a lost art,” mourns May Mitchell, a syndicated columnist known as “Ms Demeanor” and author of six etiquette(礼节) books. In her view, each generation, compared with the one before, is losing a sense of consideration for other people. “Without respect,” she says, “you have conflict.”
Ms. Demeanor would be proud of me: I have figured out a way to ensure that my children always send thank-you notes. And such a gesture is important, says Ms. Demeanor, because “a grateful attitude is a tremendous life skill, an efficient and inexpensive way to set ourselves apart in the work force and in our adult lives. Teach your children that the habit of manners comes from inside---it’s an attitude based on respecting other people.”
A few years ago, as my children descended like piranhas (一种南美淡水鱼,喜吞食或攻击) on their presents under the Christmas tree, the only attitude I could see was greed. Where was the appreciation of time and effort?
A thank-you note should contain three things: an acknowledgement of the gift (Love the tie with the picture of a hose on it); a recognition of the time and effort spent to select it (You must have shopped all over the state find such a unique item!); a prediction of how you will use your gift or the way it has enhanced your life (I’ll be sure to wear it to the next Mr. Ed convention!).
So, five years ago, in one of my rare flashes of parental insight, I decided that the most appropriate time to teach this basic courtesy is while the tinsel (装饰用光亮金属) is hot. To the horror of my children, I announced that henceforth every gift received will be an occasion for a thank-you note written immediately, on the spot.
I have reluctantly given my kids the green light to send e-mail thank-you notes; though hand-lettered ones (at least to me) still seem friendlier. But pretty much any thank-you makes the gift giver feel special—just as, we hope, the recipient feels. It’s a gesture that perfectly captures the spirit of the holidays.
41. 小题1:in Ms. Demeanor’s point of view, children born in the ______ is probably the least respectful generation.
A.1960sB.1970sC.1980sD.1990s
42. 小题2: The phrase “set oneself apart” (Para. 2) means _______.
A.to reserve to a particular useB.to put to one side
C.to make noticeable or outstandingD.to determine to purse
43. 小题3:According to the passage, a thank-you note may contain the following information EXCEPT “_______”.
A.I love the pearl necklace you bought me for my birthday
B.it must have taken you a long time to find just the right thing for me
C.is it very expensiveD.I promise I will wear it on my wedding day
44. 小题4:How did the author feel when she saw her children searching under the Christmas tree for their presents?
A.Greedy.B.Cheerful.C.Laughable.D.Disheartened.
45. 小题5:Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE about the author?
A.She feels hand-written letters are friendlier than word-processed ones.
B.She does not allow her children to sent email thank-you note.
C.She thinks the best time to teach her children the basic etiquette of
appreciation is to strike while the iron is still not.
D.She thinks a thank-you note can make the gift giver feel special just as the
recipient does.