问题 材料分析题

材料一:战国时期,各种社会矛盾异常复杂,有奴隶主和奴隶之间的矛盾,有没落奴隶主阶级和新兴地主阶级的矛盾,有新兴地主和农民的矛盾,也有新兴地主阶级中不同阶层和集团之间的矛盾。由于经济地位、政治态度不同,不同阶级和阶层在是否建立新的封建制度、如何建立封建制度、如何对待各国的变法和改革等问题上,展开了激烈的论争,形成了儒家、墨家、道家、法家、兵家、农家、阴阳家等思想流派,出现了百家争鸣、群星璀璨的思想繁荣局面。

材料二:18世纪的法国为世界所瞩目,在这片富饶美丽的土地上爆发了一场资产阶级启蒙运动,出现了一大批为世人所景仰的启蒙大师。他们高举自由、平等、 * * 和理性的旗帜,向封建专制制度和宗教神学发动了猛烈的进攻。正是这场伟大的启蒙运动,迎来了轰轰烈烈的法国资产阶级大革命。

材料三:正像在18世纪的法国一样,在19世纪的德国,哲学革命也作了政治崩溃的前导。——恩格斯

请用哲学与社会变革的关系原理分析上述材料。

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答案

(1)任何哲学都是一定社会和时代的精神生活的构成部分,是一定社会和时代的经济和政治在精神上的反映。我国的战国时期与18世纪的法国分别出现了百家争鸣与启蒙运动,这种现象的出现不是偶然的,是时代社会变革在哲学思想上的反映。

(2)哲学对社会变革的作用,首先体现在它可以通过对社会的弊端、对旧制度和旧思想的批判,更新人的观念,解放人的思想;哲学对社会变革的作用,还体现在它可以预见和指明社会的前进方向,提出社会发展的理想目标,指引人们追求美好的未来;动员和掌握群众,从而转化为变革社会的巨大物质力量。

完形填空

Home Alone

It was Sunday afternoon. My brother and I were alone at home. My parents went for a party and asked me to look after my brother.  I was doing my homework while my younger brother was watching TV. Suddenly the doorbell rang. Ding-Dong!  My brother thought that it was our parents, so he opened the      1  quickly.

A tall man wearing a black raincoat stood outside. He said that he came to sell books and asked politely     2  our parents were at home.

Without thinking, my brother said, "No." Then the man asked if we would like tosome story books. I refused him. When I wanted to close the door, he suddenly pushed the door very      4   and came into our house.  He took out a     5    and ordered me to tie up my brother’s hands with a rope.  I tied up his hands in a special way so my brother could untie

     6    easily. The man then tied my hands up and locked     7    of us in the kitchen. Soon, he went upstairs to     8  money. I taught my brother to untie the rope on his    9 .He then untied me. I rushed to the telephone to call the police,     10     the line was dead. The doors were all locked from the outside. It was lucky that the man      11   to lock the kitchen window. We got out of the house through the kitchen window and went to the   12 pay phone to call the police.

Soon   13  came to our house and the man was caught. By that time, my parents had come home. We told them the whole story. My parents were   14 that we were not hurt. They told me that I should stop my brother from   15 the door to strangers. I learnt a lesson on safety.

(    ) 1. A. window         B. door         C. book        D. fridge

(    ) 2. A. if               B. why         C. when        D. how

(    ) 3. A. lend         B. borrow      C. sell            D. buy

(    ) 4. A. politely           B. slowly      C. hard        D. quietly

(    ) 5. A. book             B. knife       C. gift        D. pen

(    ) 6. A. himself      B. myself          C. herself         D. themselves

(    ) 7. A. none          B. neither         C. both        D. all

(    ) 8. A. look at            B. look after  C. look like       D. look for

(    ) 9. A. feet              B. hands       C. neck        D. legs

(    ) 10. A. and         B. so             C. or          D. but

(    ) 11. A. wanted          B. remembered   C. forgot          D. tried

(    ) 12. A. farthest        B. nearest         C. largest         D. smallest

(    ) 13. A. my friends        B. the police       C. the neighbors    D. my parents

(    ) 14. A. glad            B. angry       C. sad         D. sorry

(    ) 15. A. cleaning        B. closing     C. locking         D. opening

单项选择题