问题 单项选择题

有关原发性高血压的叙述,错误的是

A.高血压病常引起左心肥大

B.脑出血是高血压病的主要致死原因

C.高血压晚期的肾脏常为颗粒性固缩肾

D.高血压可继发糖尿病

E.高血压常引起下肢坏疽

答案

参考答案:E

解析:高血压并不常引起坏疽。坏疽就是死亡的肌肉,坏疽具有的特征性黑色,就是皮肤与皮下肌肉及骨骼已经坏 死的一个迹象。高血压病的主要病理改变是动脉的病变和左心室的肥厚。随病程的进展,心、脑、肾等重要脏器均可累及,其结构和功能因此发生不同程度的改变。1.心脏高血压病引起的心脏改变主要包括左心室肥厚和冠脉粥样硬化。血压升高和其他代谢内分泌因素引起心肌细胞体积增大和间质增生,使左心室体积和重量增加,从而导致左心室肥厚。左心室肥厚是严重影响预后的独立危险因素。病情进展还可发生心力衰竭。冠状动脉属于较大的动脉,血压升高和冠状动脉粥样硬化有密切的关系。冠状动脉粥样硬化病变的特点为动脉壁上出现纤维素性和纤维脂肪性斑块,并有血栓附着。随斑块的扩大和管腔狭窄加重,可产生心肌缺血;斑块的破裂、出血以及继发性血栓形成等可堵塞管腔造成心肌梗死。2.脑脑小动脉尤其颅底动脉环是高血压动脉粥样硬化的好发部位,可造成脑缺血和脑血管意外,颈动脉的粥样硬化亦可导致同样的后果。近半数高血压病患者脑内小动脉有许多微小动脉瘤,这是导致脑出血的重要原因。微小动脉瘤的病理改变与粥样硬化不同,其形成与高血压及年龄密切相关。3.肾 肾动脉的粥样硬化可使血压进一步升高,导致肾功能减退。肾小动脉可发生脂肪玻璃样变性,系由于血压升高所致,亦可造成肾单位萎缩,严重者引起肾衰竭;

选择题
阅读理解

阅读理解。

     What will people die of 100 years from now? If you think that is a simple question, you have not been

paying attention to the revolution that is taking place in bio-technology (生物技术). With the help of new medicine, the human body will last a very long time. Death will come mainly from accidents, murder and

war. Today's leading killers, such as heart diseases, cancer, and aging itself, will become distant memory.

     In discussion of technological changes, the Internet gets most of the attention these days. But the

change in medicine can be the real technological event of our times. How long can humans live? Human

brains were known to decide the final death. Cells(细胞) are the basic units of all living things, and

until recently, scientists were sure that the life of cells could not go much beyond 120 years because the

basic materials of cells, such as those of brain cells, would not last forever. But the upper limits will be

broken by new medicine. Sometime between 2050 and 2100, medicine will have advanced to the point

at which every 10 years or so, people will be able to take medicine to repair their organs(器官). The

medicine, made up of the basic building materials of life, will build new brain cells, heart cells, and so

on-in much the same way our bodies make new skin cells to take the place of old ones.

      It is exciting to imagine that the advance in technology may be changing the most basic conditional

human existence, but many technical problems still must be cleared up on the way to this wonderful future.

1. According to the passage, human death is now mainly caused by _______.

A. diseases and aging                

B. accidents and war

C. accidents and aging              

D. heart diseases and war

2. In the author's opinion, today's most important advance in technology lies in _____.

A. medicine      

B. the internet    

C. brain cells    

D. human organs

3. Humans may live longer in the future because ______.

A. heart disease will be far away from us

B. human brains can decide the final death

C. the basic materials of cells will last forever

D. human organs can be repaired by new medicine

4. We can learn from the passage that _____.

A. human life will not last more than 120 years in the future

B. human have to take medicine to build new skin cells now

C. much needs to be done before humans can have a longer life

D. we have already solved the technical problems in building new cells.