问题 综合

(22分)下图为我国某区域等高线及天气气候资料图,读图回答问题。

(1)说明该区域的主要地貌类型和地表起伏状况,并说明地貌成因。(6分)

(2)简述图中天气系统的形成原因(6分)

(3)据图中信息描述①、②两城市该时期气候特征的主要差异及成因。(10分)

答案

(1)喀斯特地貌广布  地表崎岖  该地为云贵高原,石灰岩分布广,经流水溶蚀作用形成。(6分)

(2)冬季来自北方的冷空气与西南气流相遇形成锋面;(2分)由于云贵高原地势西高东低;(2分)锋面在向西运动中受地形阻挡静止下来,形成准静止锋。(2分)

(3)该时段①城气温总体较②城高,温差较②城小,(2分)降水较②城少。(2分)原因是①城位于该天气系统(准静止锋)暖气团一侧,受锋面影响小,温暖如春;(2分)②城位于冷气团和锋面控制区域,受其影响大,阴雨冷湿;(2分)且①城纬度较②城低。(2分)

题目分析:

(1)读图,根据经纬度,结合图中的海拔高度,可以判断图示区为云贵高原地区,主要地貌类型是喀斯特地貌。 云贵高原,石灰岩分布广,经流水溶蚀作用,地表崎岖。

(2)图中天气系统是准静止锋的符号,是由冬季来自北方的冷空气与西南气流相遇形成的锋面。由于云贵高原地势西高东低,锋面在向西运动中受地形阻挡静止下来,冷暖气团势力相当,相持不下,形成准静止锋。

(3)读气温曲线和降水柱状图,可见该时段①城气温总体较②城高,温差较②城小,降水较②城少。读图分析原因,可以发现①城位于该天气系统(准静止锋)暖气团一侧,且①城纬度较②城低,温暖如春。②城位于冷气团控制区域,受其影响,气温较低。根据锋面降水特点,暖锋降水在锋前,即在②一侧,冷锋降水在锋后,也是在②一侧,所以②处阴雨冷湿,降水多。①处降水少。

单项选择题
填空题

"Universal history, the history of what man has accomplished in this world, is at bottom the History of the Great Men who have worked here," wrote the Victorian stage Thomas Carlyle. Well, not any more it is not.

Suddenly, Britain looks to have fallen out with its favourite historical form. This could be no more than a passing literary craze, but it also points to a broader truth about how we now approach the past: less concerned with learning from forefathers and more interested in feeling their pain. Today, we want empathy, not inspiration.

From the earliest days of the Renaissance, the writing of history meant recounting the exemplary lives of great men. In 1337, Petrarch began work on his rambling writing De Viris Illustribus—On Famous Men, highlighting the virtus (or virtue) of classical heroes. Petrarch celebrated their greatness in conquering fortune and rising to the top. This was the biographical tradition which Niccolo Machiavelli turned on its head. In The Prince, the championed cunning, ruthlessness, and boldness, rather than virtue, mercy and justice, as the skills of successful leaders.

Over time, the attributes of greatness shifted. The Romantics commemorated the leading painters and authors of their day, stressing the uniqueness of the artist’s personal experience rather than public glory. By contrast, the Victorian author Samual Smiles wrote Self-Help as a catalogue of the worthy lives of engineers, industrialists and explores. "The valuable examples which they furnish of the power of self-help, if patient purpose, resolute working and steadfast integrity, issuing in the formulation of truly noble and many character, exhibit," wrote Smiles. "what it is in the power of each to accomplish for himself" His biographies of James Walt, Richard Arkwright and Josiah Wedgwood were held up as beacons to guide the working man through his difficult life.

This was all a bit bourgeois for Thomas Carlyle, who focused his biographies on the truly heroic lives of Martin Luther, Oliver Cromwell and Napoleon Bonaparte. These epochal figures represented lives hard to imitate, but to be acknowledged as possessing higher authority than mere mortals.

Communist Manifesto. For them, history did nothing, it possessed no immense wealth nor waged battles: "It is man, real, living man who does all that. "And history should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle. As such, it needed to appreciate the economic realities, the social contexts and power relations in which each epoch stood. For: "Men make their own history, but they do not make it just as they please; they do not make it under circumstances chosen by themselves, but under circumstances directly found, given and transmitted from the past. "

This was the tradition which revolutionized our appreciation of the past. In place of Thomas Carlyle, Britain nurtured Christopher Hill, EP Thompson and Eric Hobsbawm. History from below stood alongside biographies of great men. Whole new realms of understanding—from gender to race to cultural studies—were opened up as scholars unpicked the multiplicity of lost societies. And it transformed public history too: downstairs became just as fascinating as upstairs.

 

[A] emphasized the virtue of classical heroes.
41. i Petrarch[B] highlighted the public glory of the leading artists.
42. Niccolo Machiavelli[C] focused on epochal figures whose lives were hard to imitate.
43. Samuel Smiles[D] opened up new realms of understanding the great men in history.
44. Thomas Carlyle[E] held that history should be the story of the masses and their record ofstruggle.
45. Marx and Engels[F] dismissed virtue as unnecessary for successful leaders.
 [G] depicted the worthy lives of engineer industrialists and explorers.

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