问题 综合题

阅读下列材料:

材料一 19世纪现实主义文学思潮是在特定的社会历史背景下产生的,它的形成是社会对文学的必然要求的结果。

现实主义摈弃浪漫主义的主观想象和抒情性,通过对社会作如实细致的描绘,揭露社会的黑暗、倡导社会改良。

材料二 下图为俄国一位批判现实主义作家的作品——《战争与和平》

材料三 作为创作方法,现实主义早在古希腊文学中就已经存在,即使是与现实主义相对立的浪漫主义文学,也为现实主义的繁荣作了准备,它是现实的创造,也是历史的继承。

——以上材料选自《外国文学史》

请回答:

小题1:根据材料一及所学知识,说明现实主义产生的“特定的社会历史背景”及这一流派的特点。(2分)

小题2:举出两位法国现实主义作家及其代表作品。(2分)

小题3:材料二中作品的作者是谁?他的著作除此之外还有什么?(2分)

小题4:据材料三,我们是否可以认为现实主义流派在古希腊就已形成?为什么?(2分)

小题5:综合材料一、材料三,你可以得出哪些认识?(1分)

答案

(1)历史背景:19世纪30年代以后,欧美资本主义国家社会矛盾复杂尖锐。(1分)

特点:力图真实再现生活,深入剖析社会社会生活的本质,揭露和批判社会的罪恶。(1分)

(2)巴尔扎克的《人间喜剧》、罗曼·罗兰的《约翰·克里斯朵夫》等。(2分)

(3)列夫·托尔斯泰,《安娜·卡列尼娜》。(2分)

(4)不能,因为文学流派的形成不仅取决于创作方法上的不同,还受许多其他方面的影响。(2分)

(5)认识:文学源于生活,表现生活,又高于生活(社会存在决定社会意识);文学具有继承性的特点,是在继承与发展中不断繁荣的。(1分,答一点即可)

题目分析:(1)背景:19世纪30年代以后,欧美资本主义国家的社会矛盾日趋尖锐。

《 * * 党宣言》:“19世纪30、40年代是资本主义制度在西欧几个主要国家最后战胜封建主义的时期。资本主义制度的确立和巩固,使资本主义社会的阶级矛盾和各种社会弊病日益显露和激化,“使人和人之间除了赤裸裸的利害关系,除了冷酷无情的‘现金交易’,就再也没有任何别的联系了”。特点:关注社会问题,典型地再现社会风貌,深入剖析社会生活的本质,揭露和批判社会的罪恶。

(2)结合所学知识,巴尔扎克是19世纪法国伟大的批判现实主义作家,欧洲批判现实主义文学的奠基人和杰出代表。一生创作96部长、中、短篇小说和随笔,总名为《人间喜剧》。马克思、恩格斯称赞他是“超群的小说家”、“现实主义大师”。资本主义的“社会百科全书”。此外法国现实主义作家及其代表作品还有罗曼·罗兰的《约翰·克里斯朵夫》等。

(3)结合所学知识,《战争与和平》的作者是列夫·托尔斯泰,其另一部作品《安娜·卡列尼娜》是托尔斯泰的一部既美不胜收而又博大精深的巨著。通过这个故事托尔斯泰揭示了俄国社会中妇女的地位,并由此来鞭挞它的不合理性。

(4)不能,结合规律认识,社会存在决定社会意识,社会意识反映社会存在。

(5)19世纪以来,欧洲的政治、经济、文化经历了翻天覆地的变化,文学艺术作为现实生活的一面镜子,生动反映了这一系列的社会变迁。那些目光敏锐、思想活跃的文学家们用自己的文字,表达了他们对社会变迁的深刻思考。据此得出认识。

点评:本题难度不大,主要考查学生再认再现历史知识的能力,回答时必须结合从教材中所学内容,进行知识衔接,将教材与材料相结合。

阅读理解

WHEN there are some strangers in front of us, which of them will we trust?

According to a new study in the online PLOS One, people make their decisions to trust others largely based on their faces. Your appearance can do a lot for you, especially if you are in the financial industry. The more trustworthy you look, the more likely people will buy what you’re selling.

Researchers from Britain’s University of Warwick Business School, University College London, and Dartmouth College, US, did a number of experiments.

The research team used computer software to make 40 faces, from the least to the most trustworthy-looking.

The study said that the difference between a trustworthy face and one that isn’t as trustworthy comes from features that look slightly angry or slightly happy, even when the face is at rest. However, a slightly happy face is more likely to be trusted.

Researchers gave participants some money and asked them which face they trusted to invest the money for them. Then researchers gave some good and bad information about the people with these faces, and asked the participants again whom they trusted.

The results showed that even if they got different information, the participants didn’t change their choices. They were still more likely to invest their money with the more trustworthy-looking faces.

Chris Olivola, one of the study’s authors, said in the University of Warwick’s press release: “It seems we are still willing to go with our own instincts (本能) about whether we think someone looks like we can trust them. The temptation (诱惑) to judge strangers by their faces is hard to resist.”

小题1:Which of the following can be a proper title for this passage?

A.What kind of face do you trust?

B.Who did the experiments?

C.Why do you trust him or her?

D.Why did they do the experiments?小题2:According to the study, which of the following faces is most likely to be trusted?

A.A sad face.

B.A smiling face.

C.A crying face.

D.An angry face.小题3:Which of the following about the experiment is TRUE?

A.The trustworthy faces were given good information.

B.Researchers took photos of the 40 people’s faces in college.

C.Most participants gave their money to the trustworthy-looking faces.

D.Participants liked to choose the faces with good information.小题4:What did the researchers learn from their experiment?

A.People can’t refuse temptations.

B.People always do things with their instincts.

C.People often judge strangers by their faces.

D.People don’t trust strangers with sad faces.

单项选择题