问题 单项选择题

风险管理的目标是以最小的成本取得最大的安全保障。因此安全保障与成本的比值可以作为衡量风险管理效果的标准之一,比值越大,效益越好,当效益比值( )时,说明该风险管理技术可取。

A.大于0
B.等于1
C.大于1 D.大于1/2

答案

参考答案:C

解析: 效益比值=安全保障/成本=该风险技术可减少的风险损失/(该风险技术所需费用+机会成本)。风险管理的效果就是获得的安全保障与成本的比值,即实施该风险对策可减少的风险损失与该风险管理技术实施费用和机会成本之和的比值,比值越大,效益越好。当效益比值大于1时,该风险管理技术可取。

阅读理解

Health experts predict that soon, more people will die from cancer than from AIDS, tuberculosis (结核病)and malaria combined(疟疾). They expect that by 2013, cancer will become the world’s leading cause of death.

Experts say one reason that more people are dying from cancer is because they are smoking cigarettes in developing countries. 40 percent of the world’s smokers are believed to live in China and India alone. Other things including high fat diets and fewer physical activities are also believed to be pushing the numbers more.

Rates (比率) of breast cancer (乳腺癌) in Japan, Singapore and South Korea are now 3 times what they were 40 years ago.

The W.H.O. report says that 12 million people will be found to have some kinds of cancer this year. It predicts that more than 7 million people will die early as a result of cancer. And more than 5 million of the new cancer cases will be in developing countries.

The number of cancer cases and deaths from cancer are expected to increase one percent each year. Experts are predicting the largest increases will be in China, Russia, and India.

Without new treatments, the W.H.O. says, the number of new cancer patients could reach 27 million a year by 2030. The number of deaths could reach 17 million a year.

A report in December said the number of men and women dying of cancer in the United States had dropped for the first time .The report in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute said the drop was mainly the result of fewer cases of lung(肺), prostate(前列腺) and colorectal(结肠) cancer in men. In women, it resulted from fewer cases of breast and colorectal cancer.

The American Cancer Society says governments can do things to help stop the increase in cancer cases and deaths. One idea is to provide poor and developing nations with vaccines(疫苗) that help to stop some cancer-causing infections (感染). One example of a cancer-causing infection is human papillomavirus ( * * 瘤病毒). This virus(病毒) can cause cervical cancer in women.

Another suggestion is more support for cigarette-control programs. And the cancer society says health officials and governments should pay more in cancer research and early detection(检测).

小题1:根据短文内容完成句子填空(每空限填一个单词)。

From the first paragraph of the passage, we know __________ will be the ________ killer soon.

小题2:根据短文内容完成句子填空(每空限填一个单词)。

According to the passage, in developing countries more people are dying from cancer because of  ___________ ____________

小题3:根据短文内容回答问题。

According to the passage, in which countries will cancer increase fastest ?

____________________________________________________________________.

小题4:把短文中划线句子译成汉语。

_____________________________________________________________________

小题5:根据短文内容用一个完整的英文句子回答问题。(10个词左右)

What can governments do to stop the increase of cancer ? (one thing is OK)

_____________________________________________________________________

阅读理解

Norah had a cottage on a cliff(悬崖)above a big bay. In winter it could be very unpleasant because of strong winds and sea waves. In fact, when a gale was blowing, Norah and her husband got used to sleeping in a small room downstairs, because their bedroom upstairs, which faced the gales, had a very big window, and they were afraid that an extra violent wind might break it and blow pieces of broken glass over them.

Also, the salt wave from the sea put an end to many of the colorful plants Norah planted in her garden. She tried putting up a fence to protect them, but the wind just hit it, went up over the top and then down the other side, so in the end she filled the garden with trees and bushes that liked salt.

But most of the summer Norah enjoyed her cottage and garden very much. At weekends she could sit out-of-doors in the sun, looking at the beautiful view, with interesting ships and boats passing by, and she could very easily cycle down to the sea for a swim.

Now, Norah and her husband had plenty of friends and relations. In the summer lots of them used to come to enjoy the beautiful place, and in the end it really became quite annoying for the couple. When they were at home, they found friends and relations arriving, expecting to be given unlimited drinks and meals, and to sit in the sun for hours, talking as if Norah and her husband had nothing else to do but entertain and listen to them.

This went on for several years. Norah didn’t wish to appear rude by refusing to let her friends and relations in, but on the other hand, she was getting tired every summer.

Then one day Norah was complaining about this to her hairdresser while she was doing her hair. “You’re disturbed by too many uninvited guests, are you?” said the hairdresser. “Why don’t you try my way of escaping?”

“What’s that?” asked Norah.

“Well,” the hairdresser answered, “when the bell rings, I put on my coat and take my shopping bag. If it’s someone I don’t want to see, I say innocently, ‘I’m sorry, but I’ve got to go out.’ But…”

小题1:The underlined word “gale” can be replaced by _____.

A.wind

B.ship

C.sea

D.animal小题2:We can infer that _____.

A.lots of friends cam to visit them in winter

B.few friends came to visit them in winter

C.friends came to visit them only for drinks and meals

D.Norah was a good cook小题3:How did Norah go to the sea for a swim?

A.She went there by ship.

B.She walked there.

C.She swam there.

D.She went there by bicycle.小题4:The hairdresser likely to continue to say “_____” in the end?

A.if I’m tired, I say ‘Sorry, can you come next time?’

B.if it’s someone I like to see, I say ‘How lucky! I’ve just come in!’

C.if it is fine that day, I say, ‘I’m tired of this, but I’ll show you around the place.’

D.if it’s someone I like to see, I say, ‘How happy to see you! But I was going shopping now .’小题5:Which of the following is the best title?

A.A Good Place of Enjoying the Sea

B.A Visit to Norah

C.A clever Way of Escaping

D.A Warm-hearted Couple