问题 填空题

如图所示的电路中,开关S闭合后:要使小灯泡L1、L2串联,必须闭合开关     ;若要使L1、L2并联,必须闭合开关      ;若闭合开关     时,则将造成电路短路。

答案

S2     S1、S3      S1、S2、S3

题目分析:串联电路中电流只有一条路径,各用电器之间相互影响;并联电路中电流有多条流通路径,各个用电器之间互不影响,独立工作;电源短路是指用导线将电源两极直接连接起来的电路。

要使两灯泡串联,电流从电源正极流出,需要经过L1、S2、L2回到电源负极,因此需要闭合开关S2;要使两灯泡并联,电流从电源正极流出分别经过支路S1、L2和支路L1、S3,再流回电源负极;因此应闭合开关S1、S3;当三个开关同时闭合时,电流不经过用电器直接从电源的正极流入电源负极,从而形成电源短路,故不能同时闭合开关S1、S2、S3

点评:解决此类电路问题的关键是根据串联合并联电路的特点,结合题意选择合适的开关组成符合题意的电路图。

单项选择题

阅读下列短文:从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,将正确的选项涂在答题卡上。

C

California Condor’s Shocking Recovery

California condors are North America’s largest birds, with wind-length of up to 3 meters. In the 1980s, electrical lines an d lead poisoning(铅中毒) nearly drove them to dying out. Now, electric shock training and medical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds.

In the late 1980s, the last few condors were taken from the wild, and there are now more than 150 flying over California and nearby Arizona, Utah and Baja in Mexico.

Electrical lines have been killing them off. “As they go in to rest for the night, they just don’t see the power lines,” says Bruce Rideout of San Diego Zoo. Their wings can bridge the gap between lines, resulting in electrocution(电死) if they touch two lines at once.

So scientists have come up with a shocking idea. Tall poles, placed in large training areas, teach the birds to stay clear of electrical lines by giving them a painful but undeadly electric shock. Before the training was introduced, 66% of set-freed condors died of electrocution. This has now dropped to 18%.

Lead poisonous has proved more difficult to deal with. When condors eat dead bodies of other animals containing lead, they absorb large quantities of lead. This affects their nervous systems and ability to produce baby birds, and can lead to kidney(肾) failures and death. So condors with high levels of lead are sent to Los Angeles Zoo, where they are treated with calcium EDTA, a chemical that removes lead from the blood over several days. This work is starting to pay off. The annual death rate for adult condors has dropped from 38% in 2000 to 5.4% in 2011.

Rideout’s team thinks that the California condors’ average survival time in the wild is now just under eight years. “Although these measures are not effective forever, they are vital for now,” he says. “They are truly good birds that are worth every effort we put into recovering them. ”

According to Paraghaph 5 ,lead poisoning().

A. makes condors too nervous to fly()

B. has little effect on condors’ kidneys

C. can hardly be gotten rid of form condors’ blood

D. makes it different for condors to produce baby birds

多项选择题