问题 单项选择题

被动控制的第一步应为( )。

A.设立项目总目标

B.贯彻目标于项目实施过程中

C.调整目标

D.投入资源

答案

参考答案:A

解析: 被动控制是目前在项目管理实践中应用最为普遍的控制方法。被动控制的第一步应首先设立项目的总目标,采用系统方法将总目标分解成子目标和可执行目标,并将其落实到项目生命周期的各阶段和各责任人;建立由上而下、由整体到局部的目标控制系统,通过一系列的管理活动来保证总目标的实现。对于一个项目,通常根据工作范围、质量、进度和费用(投资)要求确定项目目标,所有的项目业主都要求按期完成项目的建设,不超出预算费用,并达到合同规定的质量标准。第二步,将目标贯彻到项目实施过程中,并定期反馈实际数据,由于干扰因素的存在和(或)计划制定中的问题,实际数据往往会偏离目标值。第三步,将实际数据与目标值进行比较,如果出现偏差,则需分析偏差产生的原因,并据此采取纠偏措施,包括对计划目标值的修正与调整和对项目资源投入的调整。一般应首先考虑通过调整对项目资源的投入来缩小或弥合偏差,只有在原定的目标计划值已经不可能通过调整资源投入的方式实现的情况下,才会考虑对计划目标值的调整与修正。

单项选择题 A1/A2型题
单项选择题

A federal judge on Monday certified a $200 billion class action lawsuit against the tobacco industry for its marketing of light cigarettes.
Eastern District of New York Judge Jack B. Weinstein’s 540-page opinion in Schwab v. Philip Morris USA, Inc., 04-CIV-1945—which included an additional 965 pages of appendices for a total of 1,505 pages—gave tens of millions of smokers an avenue to recover damages from the nation’s largest tobacco companies, including Philip Morris USA Inc., R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Co., Lorillard Tobacco Co., and Liggett Group, Inc.
The class will include anyone who purchased light cigarettes from the time tobacco companies began selling them in the 1970s. The judge said he even would consider broadening the class, to encompass smokers of all "low tar" brands, not just light cigarettes. The judge suggested that an expansion of the class could assist the parties in negotiating a global settlement. He set a trial date for January 22, 2007. The plaintiffs intend to seek treble damages.
einstein has expressed skepticism about the plaintiffs’ theory of damages, which alleges that light smokers were defrauded of billions because they believed they were buying a product of greater value because of its health advantages. The judge also questioned the size of the class, as well as the claim that as many as 90 percent of light cigarette smokers chose the cigarettes because they were less harmful.
In his ruling Monday, the judge stressed that while the suit was far from perfect, the evidence was sufficient. He said the jury system—which he described as the "ultimate focus group of the law"—was well equipped to sort out the particulars in accordance with Amendment Ⅶ of the U.S. Constitution.
Weinstein declined to grant an interlocutory appeal to the 2nd U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals. Theodore M. Grossman of Jones Day in Cleveland, which represents R.J. Reynolds, said the defendants would seek a stay and appeal the class certification under Rule 23(f)of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.

Obviously, the passage states that the lawsuit being briefed is between ______ .

A.Schwab and Philip Morris USA, Inc.

B.Jack B. Weinstein and Philip Morris USA, Inc.

C.tens of millions of smokers and Philip Morris USA, Inc.

D.any light cigarette smokers and Philip Morris USA, Inc.