问题 选择题

他们塑造的正面人物多数是脱离人民的个人主义“英雄”、忏悔的贵族、“改好了的”资产者、好心肠的资产阶级知识分子、社会上的“多余的人”,以及温和驯良的“小人物”等。体现这一特征的文学流派是    

A.古典主义

B.浪漫主义

C.现实主义

D.现代主义

答案

答案:C

题目分析:本题难度较大,主要考查了文史综合能力,也就是从语文角度了解世界文学不同流派的人物形象,再结合历史角度的世界文艺不同流派的特征。选C的理由如下:人道主义、个人主义和改良主义是现实主义作家的基本价值追求。现实主义作家在揭发社会罪恶时,往往通过伦理道德的途径来解决问题,或提出一些社会改革方案。他们宣扬自由、平等、博爱的的人道主义理想,要求维护人的价值和尊严,反对金钱和物欲对人性的压抑和扭曲,主张人的精神存在。博爱思想是这一时期人道主义的突出特征,因此,弱肉强食、尔虞我诈、惟利是图等等败德,都受到了他们的批判;遭迫害、受欺凌的小人物,得到了他们的同情。他们塑造的正面人物多数是个人“英雄”,如忏悔的贵族(“忏悔贵族”是列夫·托尔斯泰创作中的人物形象系列,《复活》中的聂赫留朵夫是“忏悔贵族”的典型)、“改好了的”资产者、好心肠的知识分子,此外也有游离于体制外的“多余人”,以及温和驯良的“小人物”。现实主义作家大多出身于中小资产阶级,他们处在大资产者和无产者之间,一方面,对贵族和大资产阶级的经济掠夺和政治垄断非常不满,强烈谴责;另一方面,对于劳动民众所遭受的压迫和苦痛则深为怜悯和同情。但是,他们对无产阶级暴力革命却是深怀戒惧的,并不主张,甚至坚决反对,他们更为强调基督教爱与宽恕的价值。在西欧和俄国的多数作家,都自觉不自觉地表达了改良主义思想,他们更愿意通过渐进与温和的方式达到社会的和解与进步,尤其是他们强调对人的心灵的改变和重塑。

单项选择题
单项选择题

In 1957 a doctor in Singapore noticed that hospitals were treating an unusual number of influenza-like cases. Influenza is sometimes called “flu” or a “bad cold”. He took samples from the throats of patients in his hospital and was able to find the virus of this influenza.

There are three main types of the influenza virus. The most important of these are types A and B, each of them having several sub-groups. With the instruments at the hospital the doctor recognized that the outbreak was due to a virus group A, but he did not know the sub-group. He reported the outbreak to the World Health Organization in Geneva. W. H.O. published the important news alongside reports of a similar outbreak in Hong Kong, where about 15%—20% of the population had become ill.

As soon as the London doctors received the package of throat samples, they began the standard tests. They found that by reproducing itself at very high speed, the virus had multiplied more than a million times within two days. Continuing their careful tests, the doctors checked the effect of drugs used against all the known sub-groups of virus type A. None of them gave any protection. This then, was something new: a new influenza virus against which the people of the world had no ready help whatsoever. Having isolated the virus they were working with, the two doctors now dropped it into the noses of some specially selected animals, which contact influenza in the same way as human beings do. In a short time the usual signs of the disease appeared. These experiments revealed that the new virus spread easily, but that it was not a killer. Scientists, like the general public, called it simply “Asian” flu.

The first discovery of the virus, however, was made in China before the disease had appeared in other countries. Various reports showed that the influenza outbreak started in China, probably in February of 1957. By the middle of March it had spread all over China. The virus was found by Chinese doctors early in March. But China was not a member of the World Health Organization and therefore did not report outbreaks of disease to it. Not until two months later, when travelers carried the virus into Hong Kong, from where it spread to Singapore, did the news of the outbreak reach the rest of the world. By this time it was started on its way around the world.

Thereafter, WHO’s Weekly Reports described the steady spread of this virus outbreak, which within four months swept through every continent.

W. H. O, reported the influenza because()

A. a doctor found its virus and reported to it

B. many people in Hong Kong suffered from it

C. it spread widely in Singapore for the first time

D. the doctor belonged to that organization