孙某纠集王某等5人组成“天龙会”，自封“大龙王”，要王某等人“发挥主观能动性，为天龙会创收。”王某等人在3个月内抢劫6次，杀死1人，重伤3人，劫得财物若干。上述犯罪行为有的孙某知道，有的不知道，其中参与抢劫一次，对孙某应如何处理( )
A．对其所知道的犯罪行为承担刑事责任
B．对其参与的犯罪行为承担刑事责任
C．对其指挥的犯罪行为承担刑事责任
D．对其全部犯罪行为承担刑事责任
参考答案：D
解析：《刑法》第26条规定，对组织、领导犯罪集团的首要分子，按照集团所犯的全部罪行处罚。孙某是“天龙会”的首要分子，因此对其全部犯罪行为承担刑事责任。
| A large part of effective leadership is dependent on something called "style". But style is difficult to teach, and what makes one leader great and another mediocre is not easily defined. Leadership always implies power, and a broad definition in this context is that leadership includes the power to influence thoughts and actions of others in such a way that they achieve higher satisfaction and/or performance. Over the past century, there have been three major approaches to understanding leadership. Identifying leadership traits, or the physical and psychological characteristics of leaders, was the first formal approach, and had a lot of intuitive appeal. It owed its origins to the mm of the century (about 1904) when trait studies began. At this time most American leaders came from certain wealthy families, the vast majority were white males, and there were some social norms about what leaders looked like (tall, square jaw, well groomed, etc.). The original assumption that "leaders are born, not made" has been discredited, because there were too many exceptions to the traits to give them any credibility. Beginning after World War II, in sharp contrast to the trait approach, the behavioral approach looked at what a leader does, what behaviors leaders use that set them apart from others. This approach assumed that leadership could be learned. Virtually all of the studies focused on classifying behaviors according to whether they fell into a process or "people approach" (satisfying individual needs), or a "task approach" (getting the job done). The basis for this classification was in the discovery in social psychology that every group needs someone to fulfill both these roles in the group for it to be effective. The earliest of these studies began in Ohio State University and the University of Michigan in the late 1940s. Many of the early trait and behavioral writers tried to make their ideas applicable to all leadership situations. The earliest situational approach to leadership was developed in 1958. This approach strived to identify characteristics of the situation that allowed one leader to be effective where another was not. The trend later developed toward the third approach, understanding the unique characteristics of a situation and what kind of leadership style best matches with these. |
The word "strived" underlined in Paragraph 2 means ______.
A．achieved
B．stressed
C．tried
D．failed