问题 综合

(22分)阅读图文资料,完成下列要求。

在湿润和半湿润地区的湖畔、河边和海滨,偶见规模较小的沙丘群,其形成的主要条件为所在地区沙源丰畜、多风、植被稀疏。下图所示区城中,M处发育了规模较小的沙丘群;H县城附近是著名的风口,冬春季节风力尤为强劲;河流发源于黄土高原地区。

(1)分析M处附近沙源较丰富的原因。(6分)

(2)分析H县城附近冬春季节风力强劲的原因(8分)

(3)某课外活动小组的同学对M处的沙丘群规模是否会扩大产生了争论,形成了两种不同的观点。选择你支持的一种观点,为其提供论据。(8分)

观点A:M处沙丘群规模会扩大。

观点B:M处沙丘群规模不会扩大。

答案

(1)(M处附近的)河流从黄土高原携带大量泥沙,在河边、河床沉积;(3分)(河水水位季节变化大,)枯水季节河床裸露;(2分)风沙在此沉积。(1分)

(2)冬春季节盛行西北季风(偏北风);(2分)河谷延伸方向与盛行风向基本一致(3分)H县城附近为河谷交汇之地,(形成风口,导致狭管效应)。(3分)

(3)观点A:(M处沙丘群规模会扩大)

论据:该区域西临黄土高原,北临内蒙古高原,大风可将沙尘吹到此处;(2分)河流持续搬运泥沙;(2分)人类活动用水量增加,导致河床裸露期增长;(2分)风出风口后,在M地速度降低,风沙在此沉积。(2分)

观点B:(M处沙丘规模不会扩大)

论据:位于半湿润区,降水较丰富,风沙发生季节短(主要发生在冬春季节);(2分)河流源地及流经地区植树造林保持水土(使河流搬运的泥沙量减少);(2分)沙源集中分布在河床与河边,面积较小,不足以形成面积较大的沙丘群;(2分)位于山区,附近有水库,沙丘群难以向周围扩展。(2分)

(每名考生选择一种观点作答,所提供的论据应支持所选择的观点,否则不得分。若两种观点都提供了论据,以所答的第一种观点评分)

(1)从文字材料中可以获取的信息是河流发源于黄土高原,黄土高原水土流失严重,河流携带的泥沙量大,在M处沉积;从图中来看,该地为温带季风气候,降水的季节变化大,多大风天气,枯水季节河床裸露,风力携带沙尘在此沉积。

该题主要考察我国黄土高原地区的自然特征。

(2)从文字材料中可以获知H县城附近是著名的风口,从图中来看该县城位于河谷中,且河谷走向与冬春季节的风向一致,形成狭管效应,故风力强劲。

该题主要考察等高线、地形对气候的影响。

(3)该题为开放性试题,无论选择哪种观点,只要言之有理,论据能够支撑自己的观点即可。考虑的要点主要是该地的主要自然特征以及图文资料所提供的信息。

该题主要考察我国特定区域的自然地理特征。

单项选择题
单项选择题

The history of English is conventionally, if perhaps too neatly, divided into three periods usually called old (or Anglo-Saxon) English, Middle English, and Modern English. The earliest period begins with the migration of certain Germanic tribes from the continent to Britain in the fifth century A. D, though no records of their language survive from before the seventh century, and it continues until the end of the seventh century or a bit later. By that time, Latin, Old Norse (the language of the Viking invaders), and especially the Anglo-Norman French of the dominant class after the Norman Conquest in 1066 had begun to have a substantial impact on the vocabulary, and the well-developed inflectional system that typifies the grammar of Old English had begun to break down.

The period of Middle English extends roughly form the twelfth century through the fifteenth. The influence of French (and Latin, often by way of French) upon the vocabulary continued throughout the period, the loss of some inflections and the reduction of others accelerated, and many changes took place within the grammatical systems of the language. A typical prose passage, specially one from the later part of the period, will not have such a foreign look to us as the prose of Old English, but it will not be mistaken for contemporary writing either.

The period of Modern English extends from the sixteenth century to our own day. The early part of this period saw the completion of a revolution in vowel distribution that had begun in late Middle English and that effectively brought the language to something resembling its present pattern. Other important early developments include the stabilizing effect on spelling of the printing press and the beginning of the direct influence of Latin, and to a lesser extent, Greek on the vocabulary. Later, as English came into contact with other cultures around the world and distinctive dialects of English developed in the many areas which Britain had colonized, numerous other languages made small but interesting contributions to our word-stock.

What is the main feature of the grammar of Old English()

A. The influence of Latin

B. A revolution in vowel distribution

C. A well-developed inflectional system

D. Loss of some inflections